The rising potential of CBG and CBG-A
Summary
As cannabis research continues to progress, increasing attention is being given to two promising compounds, cannabigerol (CBG) and its precursor, cannabigerolic acid (CBG-A). Often overshadowed by the more widely recognised cannabinoids THC and CBD, these non-psychoactive compounds are now being explored for their therapeutic potential.- Author Name: Broughton
As cannabis research continues to progress, increasing attention is being given to two promising compounds, cannabigerol (CBG) and its precursor, cannabigerolic acid (CBG-A). Often overshadowed by the more widely recognised cannabinoids THC and CBD, these non-psychoactive compounds are now being explored for their therapeutic potential. Broughton, a leading UK-based contract research organisation, explores early research on the potential of these cannabinoids and offers expert guidance on bringing them to market.
The origin of all cannabinoids
CBG-A serves as the foundational compound in cannabis, earning CBG the nickname "mother of all cannabinoids"[1]. Within the plant, CBG-A acts as the crucial starting point from which other major cannabinoids develop. As cannabis matures, enzymes convert CBG-A into various cannabinoid acids that later become THC, CBD and other compounds through decarboxylation (exposure to heat or light).
Most cannabis strains contain only about 1% CBG, as it rapidly transforms into other cannabinoids during plant growth. However, selective breeding has recently produced CBG-rich varieties, increasing availability for research and commercial applications.
Emerging health benefits
Research into these compounds is still ongoing, but early findings are encouraging. A landmark 2024 human clinical trial, published in Scientific Reports, found that a 20mg dose of hemp-derived CBG significantly reduced anxiety and stress levels compared to a placebo, without inducing intoxication[2].
Beyond its potential for anxiety relief, studies suggest that CBG may offer a range of therapeutic benefits. Research indicates it has anti-inflammatory properties that could aid conditions such as arthritis, as well as neuroprotective effects that may be beneficial in neurodegenerative disorders[3].
CBG-A, though less extensively studied for direct therapeutic applications, has shown significant potential. Early research suggests it may be even more effective than CBG in reducing oxidative stress and could support cardiovascular health by potentially lowering blood pressure and slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models[4]. There are also preliminary indications that it may possess anti-cancer properties.
Distinctive mechanisms
CBG distinguishes itself through its unique interactions with various receptors, setting it apart from other cannabinoids. While many cannabinoids primarily engage with cannabinoid receptors, CBG exhibits a broader pharmacological profile. Research suggests that it not only interacts with these receptors but also has a notable affinity for α2-adrenergic receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors[5].
This diverse mechanism of action may account for its potential anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties. By influencing these additional receptor systems, CBG could modulate neurotransmitter release, regulate stress responses and contribute to neuroprotection in ways that extend beyond the endocannabinoid system.
These interactions provide valuable insights into its therapeutic potential and reinforce growing scientific interest in its role within pharmacology and medicine.
Looking forward
As of early 2025, most research on CBG and CBG-A remains in the preclinical stage, primarily conducted through laboratory and animal studies. Further human clinical trials are crucial to establish comprehensive safety profiles and confirm therapeutic efficacy.
These compounds may prove to be valuable additions to the therapeutic cannabinoid family, offering unique benefits without the intoxicating effects associated with THC. For those tracking developments in cannabis medicine, these compounds certainly merit attention.
While the evolving legal landscape surrounding cannabis has facilitated increased research opportunities, regulatory challenges continue to pose significant barriers. Companies seeking to bring innovative cannabinoid products to market should partner with Broughton to ensure safety, compliance and product quality.
Want to find out more? Contact one of Broughton's experts here.
[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34569849/
[2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66879-0
[3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8467477/
[4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9124753/
[5] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249961/
