Biotech - Articles

Expandable graphite serves as a crucial component in fire-resistant applications across various industries.
Flame Retardant Properties of Expandable Graphite One of the most renowned characteristics of expandable graphite lies in its exceptional flame retardant properties. When exposed to high temperatures or open flames, this substance undergoes a remarkable transformation. Under these conditions, the layers of graphite expand, forming a highly insulating intumescent barrier. This intumescent mechanism effectively prevents heat transfer, flame propagation, and the release of toxic gases. Consequently, expandable graphite serves as a crucial component in fire-resistant applications across various industries. Notably, when incorporated into polymers, such as polyurethane foams, exp…

Cobalt carbonate is an important precursor to cobalt oxide, cobalt powder, ceramic additives, organic cobalt compounds, and other products, and its purity determines the properties of downstream products.
Cobalt carbonate is an inorganic compound, the chemical formula is CoCO3, a pink crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, alcohol, ethyl ether methyl ester, and ammonia, mainly used as a mineral dressing agent, catalyst, camouflage paint pigments, feed, trace fertilizers, ceramics, and raw materials for the production of cobalt oxide. Cobalt carbonate is an important precursor to cobalt oxide, cobalt powder, ceramic additives, organic cobalt compounds, and other products, and its purity determines the properties of downstream products. The products prepared by precipitation of s…

The main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in vertebrates, resulting in increased blood calcium levels and decreased blood phosphorus levels. At present, PTH is a large protein drug, and its administration route is still limited to injection due to its poor stability, which causes great inconvenience when administered frequently.
The main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in vertebrates, resulting in increased blood calcium levels and decreased blood phosphorus levels. At present, PTH is a large protein drug, and its administration route is still limited to injection due to its poor stability, which causes great inconvenience when administered frequently. Microneedle preparation steps …

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral drugs are commonly used clinically. However, with the spread and evolution of drug resistance, the efficacy of these drugs, especially antibacterial and antiviral drugs, is declining.
Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral drugs are commonly used clinically. However, with the spread and evolution of drug resistance, the efficacy of these drugs, especially antibacterial and antiviral drugs, is declining. At present, there is no effective means to deal with the problem of drug resistance clinically, and the development of new drugs is urgently needed. Antibacterial Series Antibacterial series can be divided into antifungal drugs and antibacterial drugs. Common antibacterial drugs include β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolone…

Pioneer Group highlights five key factors that life science entrepreneurs and start-ups should focus on to capture investors attention and support.
Establishing a life science start-up can be both thrilling and challenging, especially when seeking valuable start-up funding from investors. Really understanding what investors are looking for can, significantly shape your start-up’s trajectory. With this in mind, Pioneer Group, a company combining laboratory development and operation with venture building, shares some top tips directly from investors themselves on what they’re looking for in a life sciences company and highlights five key factors that life science entrepreneurs and start-ups should focus on to capture the attention and support of potential investors. 1. The Right People W…

Phosphorus catalysts are widely used in organic chemistry laboratories to convert acetic acid and formaldehyde into acrylic acid or used to catalyze hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN).
Phosphorus catalysts are widely used in organic chemistry laboratories to convert acetic acid and formaldehyde into acrylic acid or used to catalyze hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN). It also plays an important role in photocatalyst or electrocatalyst by combining phosphorus with carbon materials or other metals and metal derivatives such as TiO2. Catalyst Used in Organic Chemistry Lab: Vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst (VPO) can convert acetic acid and formaldehyde into acrylic acid for the conversion of oxidized butane to maleic anhydride or for certain…

Many individuals may not be familiar with hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in human health and medical research. Today, we delve into the essence of this crucial enzyme, its remarkable functions, and its applications in biotechnology.
Many individuals may not be familiar with hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in human health and medical research. Today, we delve into the essence of this crucial enzyme, its remarkable functions, and its applications in biotechnology.   So, what is hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase? It is a catalytic enzyme involved in the metabolism of ketone bodies, primarily Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BH), in living organisms. It performs a rather complex biochemical task - converting Beta-Hydroxybutyrate to Ac…

CD73, also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase, is a groundbreaking immunoinhibitory protein that assumes a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Its primary function revolves around converting extracellular ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine, working in tandem with CD39 within normal tissues to curtail excessive immune reactions. However, this mechanism is often hijacked by tumors, utilizing CD73 to foster an adenosinergic process that shields them from immune assaults.
Exploring the Structure and Function of CD73 The CD73 gene finds its home in the 6q14.3 region of human chromosome 6, encoding a protein comprised of 549 amino acid residues. CD73 functions as a glycosylphospholipase, residing on the cell membrane surface and engaging with the extracellular matrix through its extracellul…

Pharmaceutical excipients play a crucial role in the formulation and production of drugs, supporting their stability, efficacy, and palatability.
Pharmaceutical excipients play a crucial role in the formulation and production of drugs, supporting their stability, efficacy, and palatability. Among the numerous excipients used in pharmaceutical preparations, preservatives, stabilizers, suspending agents, thickener excipients, and flavoring agents are commonly observed. Understanding their functions and characteristics is essential for pharmaceutical scientists and formulators. In this article, we will delve into each of these excipients to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in drug formulation. Preservatives Preservatives are vital components in pharmaceutical formulations as t…

The preparation of microspheres by spray drying method is a method of spraying the liquid raw excipients into the hot drying medium to convert the raw excipients into dry powder in the spray dryer.
Microsphere Preparation Steps The preparation of microspheres by spray drying method is a method of spraying the liquid raw excipients into the hot drying medium to convert the raw excipients into dry powder in the spray dryer. The specific preparation process can be divided into three steps: the atomizer atomizes the original excipient solution into small droplets; the drying gas cures and dries the small droplets; and the dry particles are separated from the drying medium. Advantages of Spray Drying Technology Applicable to a variety of drugs, especially protein and peptide drugs with biol…

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that has changed the landscape of biological research. It stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein 9. CRISPR-Cas9 uses a two-component system consisting of a guide RNA (gRNA) and a Cas9 protein. The gRNA is designed to complement specific target sequences in the genome to guide the Cas9 protein to the desired location. Once the Cas9 protein reaches the target site, it causes a double-strand break in the DNA helix, which initiates a cellular repair process that can lead to gene modification or insertion.  Explore with our CRISPR Screen Sequencing Data Analysis Service and CRISPR Validation Sequencing Data Analysis Service for more information.
What is CRISPR-Cas9? CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene edi…

Nanopore sequencing, a pivotal component of long-read sequencing technology, has emerged as a formidable and promising approach in the realm of genomics and molecular biology. Spearheaded by the Oxford Nanopore Company, this innovative technology bears the potential to revolutionize genomic research and clinical applications.
  Nanopore sequencing, a pivotal component of long-read sequencing technology, has emerged as a formidable and promising approach in the realm of genomics and molecular biology. Spearheaded by the Oxford Nanopore Company, this innovative technology bears the potential to revolutionize genomic research and clinical applications.   The fundamental principle of nanopore sequencing revolves around the passage of individual DNA or RNA molecules through nanometer-s…

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs of about 22 nt in length, with hairpin structures as precursors, which are widely found in animal, plant and viral organisms. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metabolism, tumor and growth development, as well as in response to stress (including drought, high salt and nutrient stress).
What is Degradome Sequencing? MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs of about 22 nt in length, with hairpin structures as precursors, which are widely found in animal, plant and viral organisms. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including ce…

A fusion gene is a chimeric gene formed by the fusion of partial sequences of two genes, usually due to chromosomal translocations or deletions. These chimeric genes can form abnormal transcripts or proteins in subsequent biological processes, which can lead to or promote the development of tumors.
What is fusion gene? What is Chimeric RNAs? A fusion gene is a chimeric gene formed by the fusion of partial sequences of two genes, usually due to chromosomal translocations or deletions. These chimeric genes can form abnormal transcripts or proteins in subsequent biological processes, which can lead to or promote the development of tumors.   For example, in chronic granulocytic leukemia, molecular biology is characterized by the detection of a BCR-ABL fusion gene; this fusion gene translat…

Experimental design plays a crucial role in various research areas, providing a systematic framework for conducting experiments and obtaining reliable and interpretable results. Experimental design is critical, especially when trying to avoid attrition bias.
Experimental design plays a crucial role in various research areas, providing a systematic framework for conducting experiments and obtaining reliable and interpretable results. Experimental design is critical, especially when trying to avoid attrition bias.   Components of Experimental Design Within the realm of scientific inquiry, the formulation of a rigorous experimental design necessitates a profound comprehension of its intricate components and their interrelationships. To embark upon such a design, the foremost task ent…

Cytokines are small molecular peptides or glycoproteins synthesized and secreted by a variety of tissue cells, mainly immune cells. Cytokines mediate cellular interactions and have a variety of biological functions that can be involved in immune diseases, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolic activities, while others have negative metabolic effects related to the induction of metabolic dysfunction.
Cytokines are small molecular peptides or glycoproteins synthesized and secreted by a variety of tissue cells, mainly immune cells. Cytokines mediate cellular interactions and have a variety of biological functions that can be involved in immune diseases, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolic activ…

The application of HPLC in the field of anti-counterfeiting drugs has developed rapidly. Counterfeit drugs and inferior drugs are one of the important issues that plague the development of global drugs, and they have been taken seriously by governments of various countries. About 6% of drugs in global drug sales are counterfeit and inferior products. HPLC is one of the most effective testing instruments for the crackdown on counterfeit and inferior drugs.
In recent years, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used more and more widely in conventional drug analysis and detection. The 1975 edition of the "United States Pharmacopeia" (19th edition) included HPLC as a standard analysis method for the first time, and there were only 6 varieties at that time. By the 20t…

Some carotenoids have shorter (C30) or longer (C45 or C50) side carbon chains and are usually divided into two classes: xanthophylls and carotenes. In nature, more than 1100 carotenoids have been found, the common ones are lycopene, a-carotene, β-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin and violet xanthin. 
Carotenoids are lipophilic natural pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. Typical carotenoids are C40 mushroom compounds and their derivatives consisting of eight isoprene units linked end to end. Some carotenoids have shorter (C30) or longer (C45 or C50) side carbon chains and are usually divided into two classes: xanthophylls and carotenes. In nature, more than 1100 carotenoids have been found, the co…

Anthocyanin is one of the important pigments that determine the color of flowers, fruits and seed coats of angiosperms. It is found in the vesicles of plant epidermal cells and appears orange, red to blue. Anthocyanins also play an important role in plant resistance to stress.
Structure and classification of anthocyanins The basic structure of anthocyanins is an α-phenylchroman cation with a basic C6 (A ring)-C3 (C ring)-C6 (B ring) carbon skeleton structure. Due to the methylation and hydroxylation modifications occurring at different positions on the ring, mainly for the different groups at the R1 and R2 positions on the B ring, different anthocyanin species are formed. There are at least 650 anthocyanins identified in nature. Despite the increasing number of anthocyanin structures, they…

Auxin is the most important class of hormones in plants, and its asymmetric distribution pattern in plants regulates the developmental processes of plant cells and tissues, including cell division, cell elongation, landwardness, apical dominance, plant flowering and leaf order development, primary root development and lateral root genesis, senescence, and various stress responses.
Auxin is the most important class of hormones in plants, and its asymmetric distribution pattern in plants regulates the developmental processes of plant cells and tissues, including cell division, cell elongation, landwardness, apical dominance, plant flowering and leaf order development, primary root development and lateral root genesis, senescence, and various stress responses.   The endogenous growth…