Biotech - Articles

In the realm of biochemistry, one enzyme that has shown significant medical implications is proline dipeptidase, also known as prolidase. At Creative Enzymes, we have successfully isolated this enzyme from its biological host, pig (porcine tissue), and have cataloged it as Native Porcine Prolidase.
In the realm of biochemistry, one enzyme that has shown significant medical implications is proline dipeptidase, also known as prolidase. At Creative Enzymes, we have successfully isolated this enzyme from its biological host, pig (porcine tissue), and have cataloged it as Native Porcine Prolidase.   Native Porcine Prolidase, also called peptidase D, is an enzyme catalyzing the splitting of dipeptides with a proline or hydroxyproline residue in the C-terminal position. In other words, this e…

The world of pharmaceutical and biological research increasingly relies on novel technologies and compounds. One such compound that has elicited commendable scientific curiosity is DSPE-PEG-Maleimide. Enabled by the cutting-edge capabilities of our laboratories at Creative Enzymes, we are delighted to reveal intriguing aspects of this fascinating molecule in this article.
The world of pharmaceutical and biological research increasingly relies on novel technologies and compounds. One such compound that has elicited commendable scientific curiosity is DSPE-PEG-Maleimide. Enabled by the cutting-edge capabilities of our laboratories at Creative Enzymes, we are delighted to reveal intriguing aspects of this fascinating molecule in this article.   DSPE-PEG-Maleimide, scientifically called 1,…

Due to the complex pharmacological effects of hormones, improper application will cause various adverse reactions. In principle, a small dose and short course of medication should be selected.
Hormones are chemical substances produced by one cell, gland, or organ that affect the activities of other cells in the body. The active ingredients of hormonal drugs include natural hormones, as well as organic substances with the same structure and action principle as hormones, which can be divided into glucocorticoids, adrenocortical hormones, norepinephrine hormones, progesterone, estrogen, androgen, etc. Hormonal drugs are used to treat many diseases, especially in anti-allergy, anti-infection, anti-shock and immunosuppression. The Main Effects of Hormones Promote or Inhibit Biological Grow…

Carbon nanotube dispersion has shown tremendous potential in biomedical applications. One of the main areas where carbon nanotubes can be utilized is in drug delivery systems.
Carbon nanotube dispersion has revolutionized various fields of science, including chemistry and materials science, due to their extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, their practical applications are often hindered by their tendency to form agglomerates, making homogeneous dispersion a critical challenge. What are the Dispersion Techniques of Carbon Nanotubes? 1. Surfactant-Assisted Dispersion Techniques: Surfactants are widely used to enhance the dispersion of CNTs in various solvents. They reduce surface tension, resulting in the separation of individual nanotubes or small bun…

Among silicone polymers, polysiloxanes with Si-O bonds have attracted growing interest in the past and present decades and extensively studied for multiple applications in materials science, ranging from sprayable superhydrophobic coating and pressure sensor to skin care.
Introduction Silicone polymers are organic polymers containing silicon atoms that is an important part of polymer chemistry. The main chain of silicone polymers is composed of Si-O bonds, Si-N bonds or Si-B bonds, while the side chain is composed of silicon atoms connect with other organic groups. Among silicone polymers, polysiloxanes with Si-O bonds have attracted growing interest in the past and present decades and extensively studied for multiple applications in materials science, ranging from sprayable superhydrophobi…

Epalrestat is a carboxylic acid derivative and a noncompetitive and reversible aldose reductase inhibitor used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Introduction Epalrestat is a carboxylic acid derivative and a noncompetitive and reversible aldose reductase inhibitor used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. The structure of epalrestat is showed in Figure 1. Fig. 1 Structure of epalrestat Function of epalrestat in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy Introduction of diabetic neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage that is caused by diabetes. Over time, high blood glucose levels, also called…

The synthesis of pheromones is a complex process that requires a deep understanding of organic chemistry. Traditional methods of pheromone synthesis have been tedious, expensive, and time-consuming. However, the advent of pheromone solid-phase synthesis has revolutionized the pheromone synthesis industry.
Introduction of Pheromone Solid-phase Synthesis Pheromones are a fascinating class of molecules that are used by many organisms, including insects and mammals, to communicate with one another. They are chemical signals that convey information about an individual's identity, reproductive status, and location, among other things. The synthesis of pheromones is a complex process that requires a deep understanding of organic chemistry. Traditional methods of pheromone synthesis have been ted…

In addition to traditional small molecule compounds, new types of payloads such as PROTACs and light-activated molecules have also been selected as payloads.
The concept of ADCs was first proposed by Nobel Prize winner Paul Ehrlich in 1913. But it was not until 1975, when hybridoma technology began to be used to produce monoclonal antibodies, that the era of ADC drug development truly began. Driven by increasingly mature technology, ADC drugs have gone through three iterations (Fig. 1). Although ADCs have gone through three iterations, current payloads still have clinical limitations, such as severe side effects and drug resistance. The development of novel ADC payloads is a complex and dynamic process, encompassing a diverse range of agents such as RNA inhibitors, Bcl-xL inhibito…

Despite advancements in the production of bio-based plastics, challenges persist, including high production costs and competition for food resources.
At the 5th United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5) held in March 2022, 175 countries signed a resolution to end plastic pollution. The aim is to achieve a legally binding international agreement by the end of 2024, addressing the entire lifecycle of plastic products, including production, design, recycling, and disposal. Addressing plastic pollution has become a global consensus, and synthetic biology technology offers sustainable solutions for plastic production and waste management. Recently, researchers in South Korea summarized the latest developments in microbial production and plastic degradation, as well as the potential cont…

As a combination of macromolecules and small molecules, ADC brings certain challenges to CMC supervision due to its complex structural characteristics and production process.
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of biopharmaceuticals that use monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs. So far, a total of 15 ADC drugs have been approved worldwide, of which the FDA has approved 13 ADCs for various cancers, including Adcetris®, Kadcyla®, Besponsa®, Mylotarg®, Lumoxiti®, Polivy®, Padcev®, Enhertu ®, Trodelvy® and Blenrep®. As more and more ADCs enter clinical trials, the industry is gradually shifting from the use of traditional technologies to the use of newer, more robust methods to connect such complex biomolecules, including strategies usin…

With the rapid development of oligonucleotide drugs, it is increasingly important to develop reliable analytical methods with high specificity, selectivity and sensitivity to support regulatory bioanalytical studies.
Introduction of Oligonucleotides Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics represent a rapidly advancing field in current drug development. According to their therapeutic mechanisms, oligonucleotide drugs can be categorized into antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA, anti-gene transcription factor inducers, and nucleic acid aptamers. Oligonucleotide sequences typically have lengths of around 12-30 nucleotides (nucleic acid aptamers may exceed 30 nucleotides), and their modes of action vary depending on the type. For example, ASOs have complem…

The trace element zinc is critical to many biological processes. Zinc gluconate is a dietary supplement for the purpose of providing zinc.
Introduction Zinc gluconate is a white to almost white solid that is soluble in water, practically insoluble in anhydrous ethanol and methylene chloride. It is a popular form for the delivery of zinc as a dietary supplement providing 14.35% elemental zinc by weight. It is also used to treat the common cold. The structure is shown in fig. 1. Fig. 1 Structure of zinc gluconate Application as a dietary supplement The trace element zinc is critical to many biological processes. Zinc gluconate is a dietary supplement for the purpose of providing zinc. It mainly has the following functions. Maintaining appetite Zinc deficiency leads to taste decline, anore…

Over the years, several innovative drug delivery systems have been developed to improve drug efficacy and patient outcomes.
In the field of medicine, effectively delivering drugs to the target site in the body is crucial for successful treatment. Over the years, several innovative drug delivery systems have been developed to improve drug efficacy and patient outcomes. In this article, we will discuss four novel drug delivery systems that have shown promising results in recent research. These systems include Microneedle Technology, Transdermal Patches Drug Delivery System, Nanoparticle Development Services for Drug Delivery Systems, and CAR-T/CAR-NK Cells Development for Drug Delivery Systems. Microneedle Technology Microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive approach to drug del…

Microspheres are microscopic spherical particles with applications in various fields, including drug delivery, diagnostics, and materials science.
Microspheres are microscopic spherical particles with applications in various fields, including drug delivery, diagnostics, and materials science. One of the key challenges in their preparation is the control over size and shape. Traditional methods often lack precision, making it difficult to achieve the desired characteristics. This is where microfluidic technology comes into play. In this article, we will explore the advantages of microfluidics and how it allows for the regulation of microsphere size and shape. Microfluidics is a field of science and technology that deals with the behavior and control of fluids in microscale channels…

The application fields of flame retardants are widely distributed in construction, electronics, automobiles, textiles and various consumer goods.
Flame Retardant Chemicals Market With the growing emphasis on safety regulations and increasing concern for fire hazards across various industries, the flame-retardant chemicals market has witnessed significant growth in recent years. According to relevant flame-retardant market analysis reports, the global flame-retardant market will be worth up to US$9.13 billion in 2023. The application fields of flame retardants are widely distributed in construction, electronics, automobiles, textiles and various consumer goods. Important market trends: In terms of flame-retardant products, non-halogenated flame retardants held the largest revenue share at 6…

GPC3, with its full name Glypican-3, is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family and is connected to the cell surface through the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor on the cell membrane. The GPC3 gene was first detected in a rat epithelial cell line in 1988. In the human body, the GPC3 protein expressed by the GPC3 gene is significantly different in different developmental stages and different tissues, such as low expression or no expression in gastric cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other cancers, but often in hepatocellular carcinoma is overexpressed.
The Structure of GPC3 GPC3, or Glypican-3, is an oncofetal glycoprotein tethered to the cell membrane via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor[1-2]. Its core protein comprises 580 amino acids and weighs in at 70 k…

Nanopore full-length transcriptome sequencing is an innovative technique that utilizes Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT) sequencing platform to obtain comprehensive and uninterrupted high-quality full-length sequences of transcripts. This cutting-edge approach enables researchers to accurately identify various structural variations within transcripts, including alternative splicing, gene fusion, selective polyadenylation of alternative polyadenylation sites (APAs), allele-specific expression, and other alterations in transcript structure. Additionally, this method facilitates precise quantification of transcript expression levels, encompassing both messenger RNA (mRNA) and polyA+ long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).
Nanopore full-length transcriptome sequencing is an innovative technique th…

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain RNA, proteins, and lipids. These vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. Exosome RNA-Seq is a powerful technique that can be used to study the RNA content of exosomes and gain insight into their function and regulation. In this guide, we will provide an overview of the key steps involved in exosome RNA-Seq and highlight some important considerations for beginners.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain RNA, proteins, and lipids. These vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. Exosome RNA-Seq is a powerful technique that…

The quantification and analysis methods of exosomal RNA are also key factors in exploring the dynamic changes of exosomal RNA in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, commonly used methods for quantifying and analyzing exosomal RNA include qPCR, sequencing, microarray, etc.
The Relationship Between Exosomes and Cancer Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from intracellular lysosomes that shuttle a variety of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids and metabolites, and play a key role in regulating intercellular communication. Exosomes can be secreted by almost all types of cells, including immune cells, blood cells, neuronal cells, epithelial cells, and cancer cells. Exosomes contain various types of RNA molecules, including miRNA, mRNA, and even long non…

Epigenetics has been defined as the study of stable alterations in gene expression potentials that arise during development and cell proliferation, or alterations in DNA function without alterations in DNA sequence. Modern epigenetic features refer to the alteration of DNA and/or associated proteins without nucleotide sequence variance, which transmits the data contained to the next generation. It has been considered that diseases are generally influenced by obtained biological alterations, but it is becoming evident that any phenotype is the result of a complex interplay between genotype, epigenome, and environment. Epigenetics concentrates on pathways that control how and when specific genes are turned on and/or off, while epi-genomics assess epigenetic changes in a cell or whole organism across many genes.