Clinical research - Articles

Programmed death protein 1 (PD1) is a common immunosuppressive member on the surface of T cells and plays an imperative part in downregulating the immune system and advancing self-tolerance. Its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) is overexpressed on the surface of malignant tumor cells, where it binds to PD1, inhibits the proliferation of PD1-positive cells, and participates in the immune evasion of tumors leading to treatment failure. The PD1/PDL1-based pathway is of great value in immunotherapy of cancer and has become an important immune checkpoint in recent years.
The Structure and Function of PD-1 PD-1 is a type I membrane protein composed of 288 amino acids. As a member of the CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators, PD-1 plays a crucial role in modulating T cell responses…

Thermo Fisher Scientific (US) and Tecan Group (Switzerland) are Leading Players in the Lab Automation Market
Introduction In the fast-paced world of scientific research and discovery, time and precision are of the essence. Laboratories across the globe are constantly seeking ways to optimize their workflows, reduce manual errors, and enhance overall efficiency. This quest for progress has led to the rapid growth of the Lab Automation Market, offering innovative solutions that redefine the way science is conducted. From pharmaceuticals to biotechnology, from academics to industrial applications, Lab Automation has become an indispensable tool, empowering researchers and scientists alike. The global lab automation market is projected to reach USD 7.1 billion by 2028 from USD 5.1 billion in 20…

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), is a protein that plays a critical role in regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, which is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and embryonic development. It is an important antagonist of the Wnt pathway, meaning that it inhibits Wnt signaling by binding to specific receptors and preventing the activation of downstream signaling molecules.
Introduction to DKK1 Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), is a protein that plays a critical role in regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, which is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and embryonic development. It is an important antagonist of the Wnt pathway, meaning that it inhibits Wnt signaling by binding to specific receptors and preventing the acti…

A tumor suppressor gene, also known as anti-onco gene, is an essential component of the body's defense against cancer. It usually facilitates apoptosis. With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its “brake” of cell proliferation. Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer.
About Tumor Suppressor Genes A tumor suppressor gene, also known as anti-onco gene, is an essential component of the body's defense against cancer. It usually facilitates apoptosis. With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its “brake” of cell proliferation. Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. Here are some key features and functions of tumor suppressor genes: Inhibition of Cell Growth:…

Dive into our informative blog to discover how Clinion EDC's advanced AI-enabled features can revolutionize clinical trials. Read now to unlock valuable insights
Electronic Data Capture (EDC) software has revolutionized clinical trials, enabling clinical research teams to streamline data management and enhance operational efficiency. However, the true potential of EDC is realized when coupled with advanced features that leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Among the sea of options, Clinion EDC stands out as a game-changer. Discover how Clinion EDC’s advanced AI-enabled features like eProtocol Automation, Global Libraries, AI Medical Coding and Remote SDV Automation set it apart from the competition, making it the ideal choice for accelerating your tr…

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15kDa secretory protein with a 4-alpha-helical bundle structure. As a T-cell related growth factor, IL-2 can enhance the killing activity of NK cells and promote B cells to produce immunoglobulins. In addition, it aids in the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby producing peripheral T cell immune tolerance, as well as regulating the proliferation and differentiation of activated T cells. This article deliberates these traits and applications of IL-2, as an introductory material in the field of immunotherapy.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15kDa secretory protein with a 4-alpha-helical bundle structure. As a T-cell related growth factor, IL-2 can enhance the killing activity of NK cells and promote B cells to produce immunoglobulins. In addition, it aids i…

Learn about the IL-17 family and its receptor complex in immune responses with Beta LifeScience. Explore our IL-17 series target proteins known for their high purity, variety, and activity. Take a look at these crucial proteins, highlighting their importance in immunity, antibody screening, and function evaluation.
Autoimmune disease target - IL-17 Family IL-17 plays an important role in promoting autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Currently, five large-molecule biopharmaceuticals targeting IL-17/IL-17R are available worldwide, including four IL-17 monoclonal antibodies and one IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, namely Secukinumab(Novartis), Ixekizumab(Eli Lilly), Netakimab(Biocad), Brodalumab(Kyowa Hakko Kirin), and Bimekizumab(UCB). &nbs…

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a highly biologically active functional glycoprotein. It is a specific and potent mitogen for endothelial cells, playing a role in their proliferation, migration, and lumen formation. VEGF is involved in angiogenesis and increases capillary permeability. It can induce abnormal growth of tumor blood vessels, hinder the effective delivery of anti-tumor drugs to tumor tissues, and stimulate the production of new blood vessel growth factors.
Tumors and Blood Vessel Growth Tumor, as an abnormal mass of cells, has blood vessels of various sizes that can be seen everywhere on the surface and deep within it. Nutrients for life are continuously supplied to the depths of tumor cells through these blood vessels. As the tumor continues to grow, nearby bloo…

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. It's been applied to the field of diagnostic research nowadays. This article is a brief introduction to the MMP3 family and its usage.
The MMP Family Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. MMPs are capable of degrading ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin, and proteoglycans. They were once considered regulators of the extracellular matrix. MMPs have multiple structural domains, including a signal peptide (…

Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines form the backbone of ethical and high-quality Clinical research by TechnoBridge. These guidelines establish internationally recognized standards for the design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials involving human participants. In this article, we explore the importance of GCP guidelines in safeguarding participant rights and ensuring data integrity.
Introduction:- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines form the backbone of ethical and high-quality Clinical research by TechnoBridge. These guidelines establish internationally recognized standards for the design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials involving human participants. In this article, we explore the importance of GCP guidelines in safeguarding participant rights and ensuring data i…

Explore the complex role of the IL-36 cytokines, members of the IL-1 superfamily. Learn how these molecular structures influence inflammation signaling pathways, their potential therapeutic benefits for various inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease,
IL-36, A Member of IL-1 Superfamily, Emerging Target for Treating Inflammatory Diseases Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple times…

Natural Killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate immune surveillance against cancer and viral infections. They are the "first responders" capable of spontaneously recognizing abnormal cells in the body, swiftly eliminating them through targeted cytotoxic mechanisms, and effectively producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit and activate other immune cells to initiate adaptive responses. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of NK cell activation and identifying methods to stimulate their activation are crucial for the development of anti-tumor and antiviral drugs.
Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation NK cells are regulated by a dynamic balance between a series of activating and inhibitory receptors. Normal cells express major histocompatibility complex class…

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a multifunctional cytokine that acts on various cell types, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival, and recruitment. It is well-known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses, such as allergic diseases. In 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting TSLP was approved for the treatment of severe asthma.
TSLP and TSLPR TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) is a member of the four-helix bundle cytokine family and is a distant homolog of IL-7. As the name suggests, TSLP was initially identified in the mouse thymic stromal cell line Z210R, as a factor that promotes the proliferation and development of immature B cells. Subsequently, TSLP was found to…

First-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets Nectin-4, which is a cell surface protein highly expressed in bladder cancer. Preclinical data suggest that the anticancer activity of it is attributed to its binding to cells expressing Nectin-4, followed by internalization and release of the anti-tumor agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) into the cell. This is believed to inhibit cell proliferation (cell cycle arrest) and induce programmed cell death (apoptosis).
The biologics license application (BLA) has been accepted for Enfortumab Vedotin for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have previously received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Enfortumab Vedotin is the first domestically submitted targeted an…

What are the key features an eClinical software should have? This list will guide you through the selection process of your next eClinical Platform
Are you in a situation where you are planning to select an eClinical platform for your trials?You are not alone; many clinical research organizations are in the same boat. If you have ever scoured the internet to find out which Software to use for your clinical trials, you could be overwhelmed by the number of options available. In this post, we will help make your job easier by offering a list of essential features that your eClinical platform should have. If you already have a preferred eClinical solution in mind, then it is best to evaluate them against these criteria before making a final decision. If you do not have any preferences yet, th…

This article highlights how AI and automation are driving innovation in clinical trial research by improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and overcoming traditional barriers to progress.
AI (Artificial Intelligence) and automation are increasingly being used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical and biotech industries, to improve efficiency, and accuracy, and speed up the drug development process. AI and automation in clinical trials can play a significant role in streamlining the process, reducing costs, and improving patient outcomes. Here are some ways AI and automation are being used in clinical trials: Patient recruitment:  AI-powered tools can be used to analyze patient data and identify individuals who meet the criteria for a particular clinical trial. This c…

Explore the importance of cytokines in cutting-edge biomedical research, from organoid culture to stem cell therapy. Learn how to select high-quality cytokines with Beta LifeScience, your trusted supplier for low-endotoxin cytokines.
Low Endotoxin Cytokines Matters Organoid culture, CAR-T cell therapy, stem cell therapy, and other topics have become broadly discussed among biomedical researchers. In fact, it is not difficult to see that these advanced technologies are all related to cell culture. In order to maintain efficient growth, proliferation, and differentiation during in vitro cell culture, many cell cultures require the addition of various cytokines. Cytokines Backgrounds Cytokines are proteins synthesized and secreted by immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and certain non-i…

T-cell therapy is a cutting-edge form of immunotherapy that utilizes the body's own immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. This innovative approach involves modifying and reprogramming T cells to express specific receptors that enable them to recognize and attack cancer cells.
In recent years, medical research and innovation have witnessed remarkable advancements in the field of immunotherapy, specifically in the realm of T-cell therapy. T-cell therapy is an emerging form of cancer treatment that harnesses the body's own immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. This groundbreaking approach holds immense promise for patients battling various types of cancer and has the potential to revolutionize the landscape of cancer treatment. At the core of T-cell therapy lies th…

Across Europe, we continue to see a declining trend in the number of clinical trials taking place, most notably since the European Union Clinical Trials Directive (CTD) was established in 2004. The decline in clinical trials in Ireland is a major concern, as it means that fewer people are given access to potentially life-saving treatments. This can have long-term effects on the quality of care being provided, as well as making it harder for new treatments to be developed and tested.
Background: Across Europe, we continue to see a declining trend in the number of clinical trials taking place, most notably since the European Union Clinical Trials Directive (CTD) was established in 2004. The decline in clinical trials in Ireland is a major concern, as it means that fewer people are given acces…

Tn5 transposase, as an enzyme has been broadly applied to the field of biotech, really needs to be accompanied by a brief introduction/protocol on its construction, preparation, and application to optimize the consequence brought by its participation.
      As an enzyme that has several applications in the field of biotech, Tn5 transposase, a bacterial transposase working in a “cut-and- paste” mode with amplification, can insert specific DNA sequences into a variety of substrates, including plasmids, bacterial chromosomes, and artificial DNA constructs. The following content will introduce the usage method of Tn5 transposase and the application of Tn5 transposase into genomic research and pharmaceuticals.        To get ready for any further application, T…