Biotech - Articles
2D materials have gained attention due to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
2D materials are layered materials composed of single or multiple atomic layers in terms of thickness and stacked between van der Waals forces. Initially, 2D semiconducting materials mainly focused on carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. According to a study by IBM, graphene chips have shown greater performance and improvement in power consumption compared to silicon-based chips. For instance, the chip speed of the 7 nm silicon-based chip will only be enhanced by 20% when it is narrowed down to 5 nm, whereas the 7 nm graphene chip demonstrated 300X greater speed than the 7 nm silicon-based chip. Research data have proven that carbon-based 2D materials can bette…
2D materials are layered materials composed of single or multiple atomic layers in terms of thickness and stacked between van der Waals forces. Initially, 2D semiconducting materials mainly focused on carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. According to a study by IBM, graphene chips have shown greater performance and improvement in power consumption compared to silicon-based chips. For instance, the chip speed of the 7 nm silicon-based chip will only be enhanced by 20% when it is narrowed down to 5 nm, whereas the 7 nm graphene chip demonstrated 300X greater speed than the 7 nm silicon-based chip. Research data have proven that carbon-based 2D materials can bette…
Ox bile extract powder, derived from ox bile, is a natural product with a wide range of applications. It contains essential components such as bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin, and fatty acids. Through meticulous preparation processes, it is transformed into a powdered form, enhancing its stability and convenience. Ox bile extract powder exhibits diverse applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, the food industry, and scientific research. This article delves into its origin, preparation methods, and significant roles across various domains.
Introduction: Ox bile extract powder, derived from ox bile, is a natural product with a wide range of applications. It contains essential components such as bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin, and fatty acids. Through meticulous preparation proces…
Introduction: Ox bile extract powder, derived from ox bile, is a natural product with a wide range of applications. It contains essential components such as bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin, and fatty acids. Through meticulous preparation proces…
Enzymes, as crucial catalysts in biological systems, play a significant role in scientific research and industrial applications. To enhance efficiency in research and application, enzyme scientists have continuously sought innovative enzyme tools. Leading the way in this quest for innovation, Creative Enzymes has introduced a remarkable series of enzyme tools called the SuperCut Series. This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the groundbreaking features and wide-ranging potential applications of the SuperCut Series, showcasing its pivotal role in the field of enzyme science.
Enzymes, as crucial catalysts in biological systems, play a significant role in scientific research and industrial applications. To enhance efficiency in research and application, enzyme scientists have…
Enzymes, as crucial catalysts in biological systems, play a significant role in scientific research and industrial applications. To enhance efficiency in research and application, enzyme scientists have…
Microneedling is currently most widely used in the cosmetic field and has been commercialized for many years.
Microneedles (MN) is a new type of physical permeability-enhancing technology. It consists of multiple micron-scale fine needle tips connected to the base in an array. The needle body is generally 10-2000 microns high and 10-50 microns wide. The length, size and shape of the microneedles can be individually designed according to the needs of the application. When the microneedle delivers the drug, the active ingredient is loaded into the microneedle array, and the concentration gradient between the drug and the subcutaneous tissue fluid forms a driving force, causing the drug to be slowly released into the body. In addition to the advantages of a transdermal delivery system, it also…
Microneedles (MN) is a new type of physical permeability-enhancing technology. It consists of multiple micron-scale fine needle tips connected to the base in an array. The needle body is generally 10-2000 microns high and 10-50 microns wide. The length, size and shape of the microneedles can be individually designed according to the needs of the application. When the microneedle delivers the drug, the active ingredient is loaded into the microneedle array, and the concentration gradient between the drug and the subcutaneous tissue fluid forms a driving force, causing the drug to be slowly released into the body. In addition to the advantages of a transdermal delivery system, it also…
Explore the complex role of the IL-36 cytokines, members of the IL-1 superfamily. Learn how these molecular structures influence inflammation signaling pathways, their potential therapeutic benefits for various inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease,
IL-36, A Member of IL-1 Superfamily, Emerging Target for Treating Inflammatory Diseases Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple times…
IL-36, A Member of IL-1 Superfamily, Emerging Target for Treating Inflammatory Diseases Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple times…
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate immune surveillance against cancer and viral infections. They are the "first responders" capable of spontaneously recognizing abnormal cells in the body, swiftly eliminating them through targeted cytotoxic mechanisms, and effectively producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit and activate other immune cells to initiate adaptive responses. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of NK cell activation and identifying methods to stimulate their activation are crucial for the development of anti-tumor and antiviral drugs.
Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation NK cells are regulated by a dynamic balance between a series of activating and inhibitory receptors. Normal cells express major histocompatibility complex class…
Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation NK cells are regulated by a dynamic balance between a series of activating and inhibitory receptors. Normal cells express major histocompatibility complex class…
28-Jun-2023
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a multifunctional cytokine that acts on various cell types, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival, and recruitment. It is well-known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses, such as allergic diseases. In 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting TSLP was approved for the treatment of severe asthma.
TSLP and TSLPR TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) is a member of the four-helix bundle cytokine family and is a distant homolog of IL-7. As the name suggests, TSLP was initially identified in the mouse thymic stromal cell line Z210R, as a factor that promotes the proliferation and development of immature B cells. Subsequently, TSLP was found to…
TSLP and TSLPR TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) is a member of the four-helix bundle cytokine family and is a distant homolog of IL-7. As the name suggests, TSLP was initially identified in the mouse thymic stromal cell line Z210R, as a factor that promotes the proliferation and development of immature B cells. Subsequently, TSLP was found to…
28-Jun-2023
First-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets Nectin-4, which is a cell surface protein highly expressed in bladder cancer. Preclinical data suggest that the anticancer activity of it is attributed to its binding to cells expressing Nectin-4, followed by internalization and release of the anti-tumor agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) into the cell. This is believed to inhibit cell proliferation (cell cycle arrest) and induce programmed cell death (apoptosis).
The biologics license application (BLA) has been accepted for Enfortumab Vedotin for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have previously received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Enfortumab Vedotin is the first domestically submitted targeted an…
The biologics license application (BLA) has been accepted for Enfortumab Vedotin for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have previously received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Enfortumab Vedotin is the first domestically submitted targeted an…
Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are genes that exhibit significant differences in expression levels between two or more conditions or experimental groups. In genetics and genomics research, gene expression refers to the process through which the information encoded in a gene's DNA sequence is transformed into functional proteins or RNA molecules.
What are Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in Genetics? Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are genes that exhibit significant differences in expression levels between two or more conditions or experimental groups. In genetics and genomics research, gene expression refers to the process through which the information encoded in a gene's DNA sequence is transformed into functional proteins or RNA molecules. When studying gene expre…
What are Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in Genetics? Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are genes that exhibit significant differences in expression levels between two or more conditions or experimental groups. In genetics and genomics research, gene expression refers to the process through which the information encoded in a gene's DNA sequence is transformed into functional proteins or RNA molecules. When studying gene expre…
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers several advantages in drug discovery, primarily through target identification. By analyzing complex tissues and diseases at the cellular level, scRNA-seq allows researchers to identify distinct cell subtypes and their gene expression profiles. This knowledge enhances our understanding of disease mechanisms and aids in the discovery of new therapeutic targets. By comparing healthy and diseased tissues, researchers can pinpoint differentially expressed genes specific to certain cell types or disease states.
Advantages of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Drug Discovery Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers several advantages in drug discovery, primarily through target identification. By analyzing complex tissues and diseases at the cellular le…
Advantages of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Drug Discovery Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers several advantages in drug discovery, primarily through target identification. By analyzing complex tissues and diseases at the cellular le…
Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Additionally, prokaryotes possess another DNA-containing structure called plasmids, which consist of looped chromosomes.
Introduction: Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Addition…
Introduction: Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Addition…
Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Additionally, prokaryotes possess another DNA-containing structure called plasmids, which consist of looped chromosomes.
Introduction: Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Addition…
Introduction: Prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, are organisms that store their genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound organelle nucleus. Instead, it is located in a region of the cell known as the nucleoid. Addition…
Living organisms are categorized based on various characteristics, and one classification system revolves around their cellular components, structure, and function. Consequently, organisms, including microorganisms, can be classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes...
Overview of Microbial Eukaryotes Living organisms are categorized based on various characteristics, and one classification system revolves around their cellular components, structure, and function. Consequently, organisms, including microorganisms, can be classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes. The primary distinction between the two lies in the presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a true nucleus, which is found in eukaryotes but absent in prokaryotes. While it is commonly known that bacteria, for examp…
Overview of Microbial Eukaryotes Living organisms are categorized based on various characteristics, and one classification system revolves around their cellular components, structure, and function. Consequently, organisms, including microorganisms, can be classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes. The primary distinction between the two lies in the presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a true nucleus, which is found in eukaryotes but absent in prokaryotes. While it is commonly known that bacteria, for examp…
27-Jun-2023
Researchers have delved into the exploration of various modifications of PNA nucleobases that could enhance their properties and increase their chemical space.
Structure and Properties of PNA Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are sophisticated oligonucleotide analogs that feature nucleobases, a peptide backbone, as well as an N-terminus and a C-terminus. The nucleobases embedded in PNAs are the classic adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T), all of which can also be found in DNA. However, the nucleobases in PNAs are not attached to the conventional deoxyribose or ribose sugar. Instead, they are coupled to an N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine monomer, which then goes on to create a peptide bond with the neighboring monomer. This unique chemical makeup of PNAs imbues them with an exception…
Structure and Properties of PNA Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are sophisticated oligonucleotide analogs that feature nucleobases, a peptide backbone, as well as an N-terminus and a C-terminus. The nucleobases embedded in PNAs are the classic adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T), all of which can also be found in DNA. However, the nucleobases in PNAs are not attached to the conventional deoxyribose or ribose sugar. Instead, they are coupled to an N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine monomer, which then goes on to create a peptide bond with the neighboring monomer. This unique chemical makeup of PNAs imbues them with an exception…
The electroplating intermediate is a material used in the electroplating process to adjust characteristics such as grain size, gloss, thickness and plating speed.
The electroplating intermediate is a material used in the electroplating process to adjust characteristics such as grain size, gloss, thickness and plating speed. Most of them are configured as electroplating additives. Then, it is added to the electroplating production process for additional use. According to different types of plating, it can be divided into nickel plating intermediate, copper plating intermediate, tin plating intermediate, gold plating intermediate, silver plating intermediate, etc. According to different functions, it can be divided into surfactant, brightener, wetting agent, softener, anti-fogging agent,…
The electroplating intermediate is a material used in the electroplating process to adjust characteristics such as grain size, gloss, thickness and plating speed. Most of them are configured as electroplating additives. Then, it is added to the electroplating production process for additional use. According to different types of plating, it can be divided into nickel plating intermediate, copper plating intermediate, tin plating intermediate, gold plating intermediate, silver plating intermediate, etc. According to different functions, it can be divided into surfactant, brightener, wetting agent, softener, anti-fogging agent,…
Hydrocolloids have been increasingly studied in the fabrication of nanocarriers for controlled and targeted drug delivery, most likely due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and excellent biological properties.
What Is Hydrocolloid？ Hydrocolloids are molecules that have a high affinity for water and can form thick gels in water. Hydrocolloids can be derived from various natural sources such as plants (e.g. pectin, guar gum), animals (e.g. gelatin), and microbial sources (e.g. xanthan gum). They can also be modified chemically to suit specific applications. Hydrocolloids are used in a wide variety of industries, most commonly in food and cosmetics. Hydrocolloids are extensively used in the food industry for various purposes, such as thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, and gellin…
What Is Hydrocolloid？ Hydrocolloids are molecules that have a high affinity for water and can form thick gels in water. Hydrocolloids can be derived from various natural sources such as plants (e.g. pectin, guar gum), animals (e.g. gelatin), and microbial sources (e.g. xanthan gum). They can also be modified chemically to suit specific applications. Hydrocolloids are used in a wide variety of industries, most commonly in food and cosmetics. Hydrocolloids are extensively used in the food industry for various purposes, such as thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, and gellin…
Stable isotope techniques are used in various applications in different fields such as chemistry, biology, geology, and environmental science. In this article, we will focus on the applications of stable isotope techniques in various fields.
What Are Stable Isotope Techniques？ A class of atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus is called isotopes, which can be divided into stable isotopes and radioactive isotopes. The nucleus of a radioactive isotope is unstable, and it decays into another isotope by spontaneously emitting particles. Isotopes that are not radioactive are called stable isotopes. There are more than 1700 kinds of isotopes in nature, of which there are more than 270 kinds of stable isotopes. Compared with radioactive isotopes, stab…
What Are Stable Isotope Techniques？ A class of atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus is called isotopes, which can be divided into stable isotopes and radioactive isotopes. The nucleus of a radioactive isotope is unstable, and it decays into another isotope by spontaneously emitting particles. Isotopes that are not radioactive are called stable isotopes. There are more than 1700 kinds of isotopes in nature, of which there are more than 270 kinds of stable isotopes. Compared with radioactive isotopes, stab…
20-Jun-2023
Cell-penetrating peptides are a class of short peptides with a length of 5~30 amino acids, which can carry peptides, nucleic acids, small molecules of drugs, and virus particles through cell membranes into cells.
Cell-penetrating peptides are a class of short peptides with a length of 5~30 amino acids, which can carry peptides, nucleic acids, small molecules of drugs, and virus particles through cell membranes into cells. People use it as a carrier to transport objects into cells. Past research has proven effective in treating mouse models of cancer and inflammatory diseases with cells that carry proteins and peptides through peptides. Based on animal studies, it is thought that it will be possible for cells to penetrate peptides carrying DNA or siRNA to treat disease. Cell-pene…
Cell-penetrating peptides are a class of short peptides with a length of 5~30 amino acids, which can carry peptides, nucleic acids, small molecules of drugs, and virus particles through cell membranes into cells. People use it as a carrier to transport objects into cells. Past research has proven effective in treating mouse models of cancer and inflammatory diseases with cells that carry proteins and peptides through peptides. Based on animal studies, it is thought that it will be possible for cells to penetrate peptides carrying DNA or siRNA to treat disease. Cell-pene…
Protein amino acid analysis is a technique for determining the type and amounts of amino acids in a protein sample, providing information on protein composition, post-translational modifications and overall protein quality. By gaining insight into amino acid content, researchers can assess protein purity, determine changes in amino acid composition, and evaluate protein stability.
What is Protein Amino Acid Analysis? Protein amino acid analysis is a technique for determining the type and amounts of amino acids in a protein sample, providing information on protein composition, post-translational modifications and overall protein quality. By gaining insight into amino acid content, researchers can assess protein purity, determine changes in amino acid composition, and evaluate prote…
What is Protein Amino Acid Analysis? Protein amino acid analysis is a technique for determining the type and amounts of amino acids in a protein sample, providing information on protein composition, post-translational modifications and overall protein quality. By gaining insight into amino acid content, researchers can assess protein purity, determine changes in amino acid composition, and evaluate prote…
What are the key features an eClinical software should have? This list will guide you through the selection process of your next eClinical Platform
Are you in a situation where you are planning to select an eClinical platform for your trials?You are not alone; many clinical research organizations are in the same boat. If you have ever scoured the internet to find out which Software to use for your clinical trials, you could be overwhelmed by the number of options available. In this post, we will help make your job easier by offering a list of essential features that your eClinical platform should have. If you already have a preferred eClinical solution in mind, then it is best to evaluate them against these criteria before making a final decision. If you do not have any preferences yet, th…
Are you in a situation where you are planning to select an eClinical platform for your trials?You are not alone; many clinical research organizations are in the same boat. If you have ever scoured the internet to find out which Software to use for your clinical trials, you could be overwhelmed by the number of options available. In this post, we will help make your job easier by offering a list of essential features that your eClinical platform should have. If you already have a preferred eClinical solution in mind, then it is best to evaluate them against these criteria before making a final decision. If you do not have any preferences yet, th…
