Biotech - Articles

Metatranscriptomic sequencing provides direct access to culturable and non-culturable microbial transcriptome information by large-scale, high-throughput sequencing of transcripts from all microbial communities in specific environmental samples. Metatranscriptomic sequencing offers an opportunity to randomly sequence mRNAs as a unit for understanding the regulation of complex processes in microbial communities.
What is metatranscriptomic sequencing? Metatranscriptomic sequencing provides direct access to culturable and non-culturable microbial transcriptome information by large-scale, high-throughput sequencing of transcripts from all microbial communities in specific environmental samples. Metatranscriptomic sequencing offers an opportunity to randomly sequence mRNAs as a unit fo…

As a biocatalyst, enzyme has been widely used in various production fields of light industry. In recent decades, with the continuous technological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering, it has become more and more widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and health, energy development and environmental engineering.
As a biocatalyst, enzyme has been widely used in various production fields of light industry. In recent decades, with the continuous technological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering, it has become more and more widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and health, energy development and environmental engineering.   Food processing applications   The biggest use of enzymes in the food industry is starch processing, followed by dairy processing, fruit juice proc…

In the early 20th century, humans discovered vitamins, and then trace elements and minerals. It was only in the mid-1980s that humans realized the importance of enzymes. Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine Arthur Kornberg said: "For our lives, we can no longer find other substances as important as enzymes in nature." Enzymes control the entire body, and when enzymes function abnormally is fatal to human.
In the early 20th century, humans discovered vitamins, and then trace elements and minerals. It was only in the mid-1980s that humans realized the importance of enzymes. Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine Arthur Kornberg said: "For our lives, we can no longer find other substances as important as enzymes in nature." Enzymes control the entire body, and when enzymes function abnormall…

With the continuous development of science and technology, the ability and scope of human development and utilization of natural resources are expanding, and the ensuing environmental pollution problems are becoming more and more serious. Environmental pollution has become an important factor restricting the development of human society. Therefore, environmental protection issues have received increasing attention. Traditional techniques for solving environmental pollution have become increasingly insufficient to cope with the increasingly serious environmental problems, and there is an urgent need to find a new method that is faster and more efficient to solve environmental problems.
With the continuous development of science and technology, the ability and scope of human development and u…

De novo sequencing is a method to analyze and identify peptide sequences and some post-translational modified proteins. Different from some other analysis methods, which depend on a known protein sequence database or a known mass spectrometry database, de novo sequencing uses tandem mass spectrometry for direct analysis based on the fragmentation characteristics of the peptide.
The method of peptide and protein de novo sequencing by mass spectrometry De novo sequencing is a method to analyze and identify peptide sequences and some post-translational modified proteins. Different from some other analysis methods, which depend on a known protein sequence database or a known mass spectrometry database, de novo sequencing uses tandem mass spectrometry for direct analysis based on the fragm…

Gas chromatography is a chromatographic method that uses gas as a mobile phase. The sample flows through the gas system and is gasified before finally entering a chromatographic column filled with a filler to achieve effective separation. Gas chromatography has the advantages of high sensitivity, small sample usage, strong separation ability, good selectivity, wide application, and fast analysis.
  What is gas chromatography and liquid chromatography? Gas chromatography is a chromatographic method that uses gas as a mobile phase. The sample flows through the gas system and is gasified before finally entering a chromatographic column filled with a filler to achieve effective separation. Gas chromatography has the advantages of high sensitivity, small sample usage, strong separation…

The most common endoprotease used for protein digestion is serine protease trypsin, which produces peptides that are highly amenable to MS/MS analysis. Depending on the preceding workflow, the enzymatic digestion of proteins is performed either in-gel or in-solution. Generally, the in-gel digestion methodology has become routine for proteins separated by 2-D electrophoresis while in-solution digestion is usually used in LC-MS/MS analysis. The protein is cut enzymatically into a limited number of shorter fragments, or peptides, during digestion to allow for the identification of the protein with its characteristic mass and pattern.
The most common endoprotease used for protein digestion is serine protease trypsin, which produces peptides that are highly amenable to MS/MS analysis. Depending…

This article provides a brief introduction to good practices for the bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing by NGS (next-generation sequencing). The bioinformatics pipeline involves two main stages: the preprocessing of data (quality control) and quantification (including taxonomic profiling and predictive metagenomics profiling).
This article provides a brief introduction to good practices for the bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing by NGS (next-generation sequencing). The bioinformatics pipeline involves two main stages: the preprocessing of data (quality control) and quantification (including taxonomic profiling and predictive metagenomics profiling).   Preprocessing to eliminate uninformative data Removal of adapters, PCR primers, and low quality bases is a neces…

Metagenomics presents a powerful tool to study prokaryotes and viruses in the environment via the analysis of their DNA obtained directly from environmental samples. This technology considers the DNA of microbes in a population as a whole.
Microbes are present almost everywhere. They play a vital role in cycling carbon, release important compounds, and may be associated with infectious diseases. Metagenomics is the culture-independent genomic research of microbial communities. Metagenomics presents a powerful tool to study prokaryotes and viruses in the environment via the analysis of their DNA obtained directly from environmental samples. This technology considers the DNA of microbes in a population as a whole. It can not only identify the microbial species present but also prov…

Photosensitive resins, as a type of photosensitive materials, are widely used in medical, construction, printing, 3D printing and other industries due to their fast curing time and low pollution.
Photosensitive materials are made up of polymers that can undergo rapid physical and chemical changes in a relatively short period of time after being irradiated by light. Photosensitive materials are advanced by high production efficiency, high energy utilization rate, low organic volatile matter emission, and enhanced flexibility in coating various substrates, such as paper, plastic, leather, metal, glass, and ceramics. What are the uses of photosensitive materials? Photosensitive resins, as a type of photosensitive materials, are widely used in medical, co…

More than two decades after the discovery of RNAi, siRNA drugs have opened new avenues for innovative therapies for many diseases. Although there are several significant challenges and limitations, including siRNA delivery and side effects, that have slowed the clinical translation of this novel class of pharmacological compounds, several siRNA drugs have been approved for clinical use and several more are in late-stage clinical studies. siRNA targeting any target gene also highlights the need to identify the best target.
The concept of RNA interference (RNAi) was raised in 1998 and is a naturally occurring defense mechanism against exogenous nucleic acid invasion and control of gene expression. Soon thereafter, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were identified as mediators of RNAi in ma…

Fluorescent labeling is the process of covalently attaching fluorescent groups to molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Such processes are typically accomplished using derivatives of the fluorescein group that is capable of selectively reacting with functional groups present on the target molecule.
Fluorescent labeling is the process of covalently attaching fluorescent groups to molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Such processes are typically accomplished using derivatives of the fluorescein group that is capable of selectively reacting with functional groups present on the target molecule. The most common labeled molecules are antibodies, and labeled antibodies are often used to detect specific target molecules. Fluorescent labels can be used in a variety of detection sys…

Due to their special energy level structure, quantum dots exhibit unique physical properties. This article mainly discusses some properties of quantum dots, including quantum confinement effect, quantum size effect, surface effect and luminescence property.
Quantum dots, also known as semiconductor nanocrystals, are nanoscale materials composed of a small number of atoms. The number of atoms in a quantum dot is usually between a few and a few hundred, and their size in all three dimensions are less than 100 nm. The movement of carriers in the three dimensions of quantum dots is limited by the size effect. Due to the quantum confinement effect, the energy levels of carriers in quantum dots are similar to those of atoms having a discontinuous energy level structure, so quantum dots are also c…

Among the endoproteases used for protein digestion, serine protease trypsin is the most common one, as it generates peptides that are highly amenable to MS analysis. Depending on the preceding workflow, the enzymatic digestion of proteins is performed either in-gel or in-solution. Generally, the in-gel digestion methodology has become routine for proteins separated by 2-D electrophoresis while in-solution digestion is usually used in LC-MS/MS analysis. The protein is cut enzymatically into a limited number of shorter fragments, or peptides, during digestion to allow for the identification of the protein with its characteristic mass and pattern.
Among the endoproteases used for protein digestion, serine protease trypsin is the most common one, as it generates peptides that are highly amenabl…

Pehr Edman published a protein sequencing method, Edman Degradation, in 1950. This method made it possible to determine the extended sequences of peptides or whole proteins and is widely used today. The method removes and identifies amino acid residues at the end of the peptide chain, i.e. residues with free α-amino groups, through a series of chemical reactions. At the same time, the next residue in the sequence is made and subjected to the same round of chemical reactions. Repeating this process reveals the sequence of the polypeptide. This method is a powerful tool for proteomics studies.
Pehr Edman published a protein sequencing method, Edman Degradation, in 1950. This method made it possible to determine the extended sequences of peptides or whole proteins and is widely used today…

Edman degradation sequencing is to sequentially cut out each amino acid at the N-terminal of the protein through chemical reaction and then use HPLC liquid chromatography to identify the ID of the amino acid, and the obtained amino acid sequence information is the sequence of the N-terminal of the protein. Next, we use the determination of the first amino acid at the N-terminus of a protein as an example to explain the entire process of a single Edman sequencing reaction.
What is Edman Degradation Sequencing? Edman degradation sequencing is to sequentially cut out each amino acid at the N-terminal of the protein through chemical reaction and then use HPLC liquid chromatography to identify the ID of the amino acid, and the obtained amino acid sequence information is the sequence of the N-ter…

Protein research is one of the most challenging topics in analytical chemistry. Initial protein research focused on developing techniques capable of isolating and identifying major sequences (or portions) of proteins.
Protein research is one of the most challenging topics in analytical chemistry. Initial protein research focused on developing techniques capable of isolating and identifying major sequences (or portions) of proteins. Edman degradation of peptide is a revolutionary method to identify the main amino acid sequence of peptide. In addition, the whole sequence of proteins can be determined by combining protein digestion with different enzymes, fractionation of peptides by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then Edman degradation. In the 1990s, protein identification…

Keratinase is an extracellular protein hydrolysis inducing enzyme that degrades insoluble keratin substrates. This enzyme can hydrolyze hair, feathers and collagen in wastewater systems during wastewater treatment. In addition, it can be used in the food industry and in the manufacture of livestock feed, among others.
Keratinase is an extracellular protein hydrolysis inducing enzyme that degrades insoluble keratin substrates. This enzyme can hydrolyze hair, feathers and collagen in wastewater systems during wastewater treatment. In addition, it can be used in the food industry and in the manufacture of livestock feed, among others.   Keratinase is an adaptogenic enzyme that is produced only when an inducer (keratin) is introduced into the microenvironment. Keratinase is extracted from…

Enzymes are a class of biological catalysts. They govern many catalytic processes such as metabolism, nutrition, and energy conversion of organisms. Most of the reactions closely related to life processes are enzyme-catalyzed reactions. These properties of the enzyme enable the intricate process of material metabolism in the cell to proceed in an orderly manner, and to adapt material metabolism to normal physiological functions.
Catalysis Enzymes are a class of biological catalysts. They govern many catalytic processes such as metabolism, nutrition, and energy conversion of organisms. Most of the reactions closely related to life processes are enzyme-catalyzed reactions. These properties of the enzyme enable the intricate process of material metabolism in the cell to proceed in an orderly…

Bacterial plasmids are circular or linear double-stranded DNA molecules defined by their capability of autonomous replication in the hosts. They are critical sources for microbial evolution and genome innovation due to their ability to acquire foreign DNA sequences and transfer among bacteria and between distantly related organisms, like transferring from bacteria to eukaryotes via conjugation and mobilization.
Bacterial plasmids Bacterial plasmids are circular or linear double-stranded DNA molecules defined by their capability of autonomous replication in the hosts. They are critical sources for microbial evolution and genome innovation due to their ability to acquire foreign DNA sequences and transfer among bacteria and between distantly related organisms, like transferring from bacteria…