Biotech - Articles

A genome-wide association study is what the National Institutes of Health call "a study of common genetic variation across the whole human genome with the goal of finding genetic links to observable traits."Even though family linkage studies and studies with tens of thousands of gene-based SNPs measure genetic variation across the genome, the National Institutes of Health definition requires a good density and selection of genetic markers to capture a large proportion of common variants in the study population, measured in enough people to give enough power to detect variants with modest effects.
Introduction to Genome-wide Association Studies A genome-wide association study is what the National Institutes of Health call "a study of common genetic variation across the whole human genome wit…

Regulation of gene expression is fundamental to linking genotypes with phenotypes. RNAs shape complex gene expression networks, which drive biological processes. An in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how to govern these complex gene expression networks is vital for the treatment of complex diseases such as cancer. Hybridization-based microarrays are used to allow the simultaneous monitoring of expression levels of annotated genes in cell populations. However, genome-wide approaches have proven to provide more valuable insights into transcriptomes. These next- or third-generation sequencing platforms allow the rapid and cost-effective generation of massive amounts of sequence data. The RNA profiling by utilizing high-throughput sequencing technologies is known as RNA-seq.

Small RNAs are important functional molecules in organisms, which have three main categories: microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA). They are less than 200 nt in length and are often not translated into proteins. Small RNA generally accomplishes RNA interference (RNAi) by forming the core of an RNA-protein complex (RNA-induced silencing complex, RISC). Small RNA sequencing, an example of targeted sequencing, is a powerful method for small RNA species profiling and functional genomic analysis. Here, we present the guidelines for bioinformatics analysis of small RNA sequencing.
Small RNAs are important functional molecules in organisms, which have three main categories: microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA…

Small RNAs are important functional molecules in organisms, which have three main categories: microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA). They are less than 200 nt in length and are often not translated into proteins. Small RNA generally accomplishes RNA interference (RNAi) by forming the core of an RNA-protein complex (RNA-induced silencing complex, RISC). Small RNA sequencing, an example of targeted sequencing, is a powerful method for small RNA species profiling and functional genomic analysis. Here, we present the guidelines for bioinformatics analysis of small RNA sequencing.
Small RNAs are important functional molecules in organisms, which have three main categories: microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA…

As the development of biological experimental technology, especially gene-sequencing technology, both laboratory and clinical researchers realize that genome sequencing is the best way to analyze the etiology, pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of diseases. Researches further demonstrate that there are only 30 million base pairs of genes that contain essential information of proteins for human beings.
As the development of biological experimental technology, especially gene-sequencing technology, both laboratory and clinical researchers realize that genome sequencing is the best way to analyze the etiology, pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of diseases. Researches further demonstrate that there are only 30 million base pairs of genes that contain essential information of protei…

The principle of ion exchange resin is the process that ion exchange resin removes the salt in the solution.
How Do Ion Exchange Resins Work? Structure Ion exchange resins are composed of three parts: the insoluble three-dimensional space network polymer skeleton, the ion functional group connected to the skeleton, and the exchangeable ion pore with opposite charges on the functional group. Polymer skeleton: It is composed of cross-linked polymers, such as cross-linked polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, etc. Ion exchange group: It is connected to the polymer skeleton and has ionic functional groups with exchangeable ions, such as -SO3Na, -COOH, -N(CH3)3Cl, etc., or polar non-ionic functional groups, such as -N(CH3)2, -N(CH3)H, etc. Pore: It is the pore in the polymer structure (gel pore)…

With the introduction and popularization of Mini-LEDs with smaller LED light-emitting crystals, quantum dot technology will quickly become the standard choice for liquid crystal displays.
Since its commercial use in 2015, although liquid crystal displays equipped with quantum dot technology have significantly improved in display color gamut and rendering effects, their popularity is far below expectations. On the one hand, the maturity of quantum dot technology is not good, and the stability and cost of products are relatively high; on the other hand, the price of models using quantum dot display technology is relatively high, which hinders the popularization of technology. With the introduction and popularization of Mini-LEDs with smaller LED light-emitting crystals, quantum dot technology…

Oily raw materials, including oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, and higher fatty acids and higher alcohols are the main chemical ingredients used in cosmetics.
The composition of cosmetics is very complex and varies with different types. Most cosmetics are processed from the cosmetic matrix (base) plus some other necessary ingredients (additives). Cosmetic substrates are the basic raw materials of cosmetics. They are mainly oily raw materials, including oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, and higher fatty acids and higher alcohols that make up these ingredients. Salicylic acid Also known as β-hydroxy acid (BHA, beta hydroxy acid), salicylic acid has multiple functions and can solve various problems that cause acne. Dermatologists have used salicylic acid to exfoliate skin for decades, but it's also an…

Coordination compounds have long been concerned and researched for their applications in catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, magnetism, electrochemistry, nanoscience, energy materials, and biological applications.
Coordination chemistry investigates the characteristics of coordination compounds formed by the interaction between metal atoms or ions and inorganic, organic ions or molecules, as well as their bonding, structure, reaction, classification, and preparation. These compounds possess a wealth of structural, physicochemical, and catalytic properties. Meanwhile, coordination compounds have long been concerned and researched for their applications in catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, magnetism, electrochemistry, nanoscience, energy materials, and biological applications. Here,…

Discover the top 5 clinical trial technology trends in 2023. From wearables to AI, Digital Patient engagement tools and techniques that are shaping the future of clinical research
Clinical trials play a crucial role in the development and approval of new medical treatments and drugs. As technology continues to advance, Clinical Trial Technology is becoming a more important factor in shaping the way trials are conducted. In 2023, we can expect to see several technology trends that are set to further revolutionize the design, conduct, and analysis of trials. Some of these trends include decentralized trials, wearable devices, machine learning, and Risk-Based Quality Management (RBQM). Growing Use of Machine Learning and AI AI and Machine learning are becoming increasingly important in clin…

Electronic wet chemicals are reagents with the highest requirements regarding particle control and impurity content among chemical reagents.
Electronic wet chemicals are one of the most indispensable materials for the production process of display panels, semiconductors, solar cells, etc. Its chemical property not only directly attributes to the quality of the final electronic products but also significantly impacts microelectronics manufacturing and industrialization. What are electronic wet chemicals? Electronic wet chemicals, also known as ultra-clean and high-purity reagents, with the major component’s purity greater than 99.99%. It is generally required to control the particle size of impurity particles to be less than 0.5 μm and the content of metal impurities to be less than the ppm…

Decentralization allows for more diverse patient participation and improved data collection, leading to faster, more accurate results in clinical trials.
With the emergence of COVID-19, the Decentralization of Clinical Trials became necessary to comply with social distancing requirements while carrying out clinical research. Over the past few years, the clinical trial landscape has shifted its focus to patient-centric practices to promote patient engagement. But now as the pandemic is long gone, it is time to reflect on how DCT studies are genuinely addressing long-standing issues in research and development for sponsors, study teams, and of course, the patients! The digital shift in clinical trials has brought about the potential to improve both patient experience and clinical data qualit…

High performance liquid chromatography is an important branch of chromatography. It uses liquid as the mobile phase, and uses a high-pressure injection system to pump single solvents with different polarities or solvents and buffers with different mixing ratios into the column containing the stationary phase.
What is HPLC technology? High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also called "high-speed liquid chromatography", "high-resolution liquid chromatography", "modern column chromatography" and so on. High performance liquid chromatography is an important branch of chromatography. It uses liquid as the mobile phase, and uses a high-pressure injection system to pump single solvents with different polarities or solvents and buffers with different mixing ratios into the column c…

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a compound composed of repeated ethylene glycol units [-(CH2CH2O)n], is also known as Macrogols. PEG and PEG derivatives have the characteristics of non-irritation, good water solubility, good compatibility, etc. . At the same time, they possess excellent lubricity, moisture retention and dispersibility so that they can be used as adhesives, antistatic agents and softeners, and widely applied in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fibers, rubber, plastics, paper, paint, electroplating, pesticides, metal processing and food processing industries.
Synthesis of PEG PEG can be synthesized via anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide and any hydroxyl initiators. Hydroxyl group could be from water or ethylene glycol or any diols. They can also be derived from epoxyetha…

Probiotics are living microorganisms that offer numerous health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. These beneficial bacteria can be found in various fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, as well as in dietary supplements. The term "probiotic" is derived from the Greek words "pro" and "biotic," which mean "for life." Probiotics have gained popularity in recent years, as more people have become aware of the crucial role of the gut microbiome in maintaining overall health.
Probiotics are living microorganisms that offer numerous health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. These beneficial bacteria can be found in various fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, as well as in dietary supplements. The term "probiotic" is derived fro…

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. In agriculture, enzymes play a crucial role in various aspects, such as crop production, soil fertility, and pest management. Agriculture enzymes refer to the enzymes that are used in farming practices to improve crop yield and quality. In this article, we will discuss the classification of agriculture enzymes and their applications in agriculture.
Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. In agriculture, enzymes play a crucial role in various aspects, such as crop production, soil fertility, and pest management. Agriculture enzymes refer to the enzymes that are used in farming practices to improve crop yield and quality. In this article, we will discuss the classification of…

Capacity, cost, and performance. Three of your top data storage priorities? No wonder, and it’s the same for most organisations across the healthcare sector. The volume of data healthcare organisations produce is in overdrive. That, added to legal requirements to store that data for very long periods of time, impacts the size of your data centre, how far your budget will stretch, and how quickly data can be moved. This growth is a major challenge for many data storage vendors today: requirements for storage capacity and longevity continue to expand with no signs of slowing down in sight. Enter DNA storage. A technology promising to store millions upon millions of gigabytes in just a few particles, for thousands of years.
Capacity, cost, and performance. Three of your top data storage pri…

Changes in the number of proteomes in a cell have a big effect on many aspects of life. For example, the occurrence and development of many diseases are often accompanied by abnormal expression of certain proteins. Quantitative proteomics is the accurate quantification and identification of all proteins expressed in a genome or all proteins in a complex mixed system. At present, quantitative proteomics technology is mainly divided into labeling strategies and non-labeling strategies, in which the labeling strategies are divided into in vivo labeling (such as SILAC), and in vitro labeling (such as iTRAQ, TMT).
Changes in the number of proteomes in a cell have a big effect on many aspects of life. For example, the occurrence and development of many diseases are often accompanied by abnormal e…

Polysaccharides are made by polymerizing more than 10 monosaccharide molecules through glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is relatively large, usually consisting of hundreds or even tens of thousands of monosaccharide molecules.
Polysaccharides are made by polymerizing more than 10 monosaccharide molecules through glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is relatively large, usually consisting of hundreds or even tens of thousands of monosaccharide molecules. Polysaccharides, together with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, are called the four basic substances of life and play important roles in many life activities. The biological activities of polysaccharides are continuing to be discovered. Some known activities include immune regulation, anti-tu…

Post-translational modification of proteins is a covalent process that a protein goes through during or after translation. This process changes the properties of a protein by adding one or more amino acid residues to a modification group or by proteolytically cutting the group, which is an important step in the expression of protein biological functions. Post-translational modifications of biological proteins greatly increase the types and functions of protein structures. This process regulates the cell cycle and protein transcription and affects epigenetics.
What is Post-Translational Modification of Proteins? Post-translational modification of proteins is a covalent process that a protein goes through during or after translation. This process changes the properties of a protein by ad…