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Microencapsulation technology has revolutionized drug delivery systems, allowing for the protection and controlled release of therapeutic agents.
Microencapsulation technology has revolutionized drug delivery systems, allowing for the protection and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Microcapsules, tiny spherical structures capable of encapsulating drugs, offer numerous advantages in terms of stability, targeted delivery, and improved patient outcomes. In this article, we will delve into the methods involved in preparing drug microcapsules, methods for evaluating their performance, and the advantages they bring to the field of pharmaceuticals. Methods for Preparing Microencapsulation The microencapsulation process involves several key steps. Firstly, a suitable polymer matr…

With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and new sequencers, the exponential growth of biological information generated by the scientific community has brought benefits as well as new challenges to researchers. In the era of big data, the field of bioinformatics has made significant progress in the analysis and interpretation of biological data. Therefore, there is a need to develop computational techniques and tools for effective data analysis and visualization to help understand biological processes.
With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and new sequencers, the exponential growth of biological information generated by the scientific community has brought benefits as well as new challenges to researchers. In the era of big data,…

Illumina sequencing is a second-generation sequencing technology that has become a powerful tool for genomics research. The method uses reversible dye terminator technology to detect the sequence of a DNA molecule. The process begins by fragmenting the DNA sample into short fragments, typically 100-150 base pairs (bp) in length. These fragments are then ligated to a universal adapter and annealed to a slide. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification is performed to create a large number of copies of each fragment, resulting in clusters on the slide.
What is Illumina Sequencing? Illumina sequencing is a second-generation sequencing technology that has become a powerful tool for genomics research. The method uses reversible dye terminator technology to detect the sequence of a DNA molecul…

RNA modifications can structurally alter the pairing of nucleobases, leading to structural rearrangements of RNA and thus regulating the function of the molecule. Epistatic transcriptome modifications determine the multifunctional nature of RNA and the large number of biological processes it regulates, including RNA splicing, translation, cellular localization and lifespan. Therefore, decoding information about modifications that affect sequence or structural changes is increasingly important.
What is epitranscriptomic modification? RNA modifications, not limited to purine or pyrimidine bases, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), 5-hydroxymethylcytidine (hm5C), 5-formylcytidine (f5C), 5-carboxycytidine (ca5C), inosine (I), pseudouridine (Ψ), a…

When classifying bacteria and fungi, morphological features are v¬ery relevant. Colony morphology is a useful tool widely used to classify and define them by researchers. Carefully studied and used during these experiments are the colony properties of individual bacterial and fungal colonies. Compared to fungi, bacteria easily thrive on nutrient-rich culture media.
When classifying bacteria and fungi, morphological features are v­ery relevant. Colony morphology is a useful tool widely used to classify and define them by researchers. Carefully studied and used during these experiments are the colony properties of individual bacterial and fungal colonies. Compared to fungi, bacteria easily thrive on nutrient-rich culture media. Phenotypically distinct-looking colonies are formed by various s…

Chimeric RNA, also known as fusion RNA, refers to RNA molecules that are formed as a result of the fusion of two or more different RNA transcripts. Chimeric RNA, a unique class of RNA molecules formed through various molecular mechanisms, such as trans-splicing, read-through transcription, and fusion genes. These hybrid transcripts play a significant role in diverse biological processes and have gained substantial attention in recent years.
What is Chimeric RNA? Chimeric RNA, also known as fusion RNA, refers to RNA molecules that are formed as a result of the fusion of two or more different RNA transcripts. Chimeric RNA, a unique class of RNA molecules formed through various molecular mechanisms, such as trans-splicing, read-through transcription, and fusion genes. These hybrid transcripts…

It is reported that the research team is conducting further toxicology experiments and verifying it in other models in preparation for entering human clinical trials.
Professor Saar Gill and Professor Carl June from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania published a research paper titled: Epitope base editing CD45 in hematopoietic cells enables universal blood cancer immune therapy in Science Translational Medicine, a sub-journal of Science.   CD45 exists on the surface of almost all blood cells (including, of course, blood cancer cells), and this study developed an "epitope editing" strategy using adenine base editors (ABEs). After base editing, CD45 can work normally in the blood system without being recognized by CAR-T cells.   Using this "epitope edi…

In recent years, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC), which utilizes the cell's own degradation mechanisms to eliminate specific disease-related proteins, has emerged as one of the most promising methods.
In recent years, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC), which utilizes the cell's own degradation mechanisms to eliminate specific disease-related proteins, has emerged as one of the most promising methods. Apart from PROTAC, various targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies are emerging, involving molecular glue, Autophagy-Targeting Chimera (AUTEC), Autophagosome Tethering Compound (ATTEC), and Autophagy Targeting Chimera (AUTOTAC). These compounds are generally bifunctional small molecules, consisting of two parts: one part contains an E3 recruitment ligand to activate the ubiq…

Typically, LNP is composed of 4 components: ionizable cationic lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids. Each component determines the stability, transfection efficiency, and safety of LNP. It plays a vital role. To design a drug carrier based on lipid nanoparticles, we first need to clarify the basic principles behind LNP design.
Compared with viral vectors, non-viral delivery vectors are easier to scale up and have the ability to solve the most critical safety issues. Thanks to the LNP-mRNA vaccine that came to the fore during the COVID-19 pandemic, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are undoubtedly the most advanced and widely studied non-viral vectors at present. Typically, LNP is composed of 4 components: ionizable cationic lipids, phospholipids, choles…

In recent years, advances in biotechnology have led to the development of new methods for large-scale RNA production, including fermentation-based approaches.
Why RNA production by fermentation RNA is a vital biomolecule with numerous biological functions, and its importance has led to a growing demand for RNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools. However, producing RNA at a large scale has been a challenge, and traditional methods such as chemical synthesis are time-consuming and expensive. In recent years, advances in biotechnology have led to the development of new methods for large-scale RNA production, including fermentation-based approaches.   What is RNA production by fermentation Large-scale RNA Production Through Fermentation Fermentation is a process that involves the use…

In addition to single-target Trop-2 ADCs, some companies are also deploying dual-target ADCs. For example, Biocytogen’s Trop-2/PTK7 dual-antibody ADC BCG033, Trop-2/EGFR dual-antibody ADC DM001, and Trop-2/HER2 dual-antibody ADC YH012, etc. However, these are currently in preclinical research, and it will take time to verify how far they will go in the future.
Antibody drug conjugate (ADC) research involves more and more targets, such as HER-2, Trop-2, Claudin-18.2, B7-H3 and B7-H4, etc. Trop-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Its high expression is associated with the occurrence of many tumors and poor prognosis. It is a very popular ADC research target, second only to HER2. Currently, only Gilead's Trop-2 ADC drug Trodelvy has been approved for marketing in the world. It is used to t…

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often have devastating effects. However, in the future, pharmacological interventions could play a pivotal role in mitigating the long-term consequences of TBIs, offering positive outcomes to individuals affected by this life-altering condition. Ongoing research and promising developments suggest the future holds immense potential for pharmacological interventions in TBI treatment.
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often have devastating effects. However, in the future, pharmacological interventions could play a pivotal role in mitigating the long-term consequences of TBIs, offering positive outcomes to individuals affected by this life-altering condition. Ongoing research and promising developments suggest the future holds immense potential for pharmacological…

- Understanding the definition and role of CD19 in the immune system. - Introduction to the structure, composition, and signal pathway of CD19. - Knowledge about CD19 related diseases and research purpose products
What is CD19 Understanding CD19: Definition and Role in the Immune System CD19, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 19, is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It serves as a crucial marker for B cells, playing a pivotal role in the human immune system. While predominantly found on the surface of B cells, CD19 is rarely expressed on other immune cells. Its significance lies in its involvement in B cell development and activation, making it a valuable target for research and clinical applications. The Structural Composition of CD19 The human CD…

what exactly is Generative AI, how has it evolved, and what role can it play in clinical research? Let’s delve deeper!
Introduction In the early years, your phone’s predictive text made you wonder, then came Gmail’s Smart Reply feature that utilizes machine learning to provide one-sentence responses. Since then we have come a long way, all thanks to Generative AI or GenAI. This technology is now capable of creating art, composing coherent paragraphs, writing code, and even assisting scientists in clinical research. But what exactly is Generative AI, how has it evolved, and what role can it play in clinical research? Let’s delve deeper! What is Generative AI? Generative AI, in simple terms, is a type of artificial intelligence that can create things on its own, like writing text, generating…