Research and development - Articles

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs containing 18-25 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes and have the ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by repressing mRNA or promoting mRNA degradation. Typically, genes encoding miRNAs are more conserved in species that are very closely related, but they are sometimes homologous in species that are very distantly related.
What is microRNA? MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs containing 18-25 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes and have the ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by repressing mRNA or promoting mRNA degradation. Typically, genes encoding miRNAs are more conserved in species that are very closely related, but they are sometimes homologous in species that are very…

The leading CDMO in peptides and oligonucleotides manufacturing, Bachem, has started building a new future for oligonucleotides: solving the industry’s main challenges around capacity, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Emerging as a new treatment option in rare and orphan disease areas, oligonucleotide therapeutics have matured into a drug class with a broad indication spectrum.
The leading CDMO in peptides and oligonucleotides manufacturing, Bachem, has started building a new future for oligonucleotides: solving the industry’s main challenges around capacity, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Emerging as a new treatment option in rare and orphan disease areas, oligonucleotide therapeutics have matured into a drug class with a broad indication spectrum. The promise of oligonucleot…

The potential of truly digital, data-driven product labeling in life sciences is huge, allowing companies to tailor and update their information more readily, unencumbered by space restrictions or print/production line deadlines. But what will it take for today’s discrete, local pilot projects to evolve into something more permanent and transformational for patients and healthcare professionals?
At Amplexor BE THE EXPERT 2022, Tris Nockles of Navitas, assessed the latest developments, the emerging challenges that need to be resolved, and what’s needed now to maintain and build momentum. Although digital labeling is widely available today across the globe through regulatory agency, trade association and company websites, this is largely in the form of static, unstructured content presented a…

Phytochemicals are natural compounds that have only been discovered so far and are natural food pigments. The human body is unable to produce them and must obtain them from food. Soy isoflavones in soybeans, lycopene in tomatoes, catechins in green tea, carotenoids in carrots, zeaxanthin, polyphenols, etc., are all phytochemicals.
What Are Phytochemicals? Phytochemicals are natural compounds that have only been discovered so far and are natural food pigments. The human body is unable to produce them and must obtain them from food. Soy isoflavones in soybeans, lycopene in tomatoes, catechins in green tea, carotenoids in carrots, zeaxanthin, polyphenols, etc., are all phytochemicals.   Classification and Functions of Common Phytochemicals Flavonoids Species: Quercetin, brassin, catechin…

The functioning of biological systems is inextricably linked to protein-protein interactions, and important biological processes such as DNA synthesis, gene transcriptional activation, protein translation, modification and localization, and information transfer all involve the role of protein complexes.
Introduction to protein interactions The functioning of biological systems is inextricably linked to protein-protein interactions, and important biological processes such as DNA synthesis, gene transcriptional activation, protein translation, modification and localization, and information transfer all involve the role of protein complexes. Therefore, it is particularly important to discover and verify protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions in living organisms. Various techniqu…

Ceramides are composed of sphingosine analogs and long-chain fatty acids bound by amide bonds, and are the most important of the sphingolipid compounds. Ceramide is synthesized and secreted by lamellar vesicles, which together with cholesterol (25%) and free fatty acids (15%) constitute the intercellular lipids (ceramide 50%) involved in maintaining the skin barrier function. It also has various physiological and pharmacological functions, such as regulation of cellular immunity, delaying aging, and antitumor.
Ceramides are composed of sphingosine analogs and long-chain fatty acids bound by amide bonds, and are the most important of the sphingolipid compounds. Ceramide is synthesized and secreted by lamellar vesicles, which together with cholesterol (25%) and free fatty acids (15%) constitu…

Medicines are becoming ever more complex in response to growth in personalised treatments and the development of a wide range of therapeutics to address less common conditions or rare diseases
by Kelly Doering, Sr Director, Industry Marketing, Pharma, AspenTech Medicines are becoming ever more complex in response to growth in personalised treatments and the development of a wide range of therapeutics to address less common conditions or rare diseases. Examples of the latter include small molecules linked to large, perhaps conjugated to a chemotoxic agent for targeted cancer treatment; peptides linked to peptides; oligos linked to molecules that allow for better cell permeability; and lipid-encapsulated molecules that prevent degradation. But it is the market for more personalised medication…

Stable isotope-labeled peptides have also been widely used in (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as reference materials for pharmacokinetic analysis and metabolite identification.
Peptides are organic compounds formed by the dehydration of amino acids and intermediate products of protein hydrolysis. Peptides have strong biological activity, which can regulate the functional activities of cells in living organisms, and play a variety of roles in medicine, cosmetics, food, and other fields. With the more and more extensive and in-depth applications of peptides, the demand for labeled and modified peptides is growing, and the quality requirement is also higher and higher. To obtain peptides with higher biological activity, fluorescent modification, isotop…

ADCs demonstrated great potential for the treatment of cancers, and simultaneously require unique supporting infrastructure to meet biopharmaceutical industry standards for safe, effective, and reliable manufacturing.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are formed by covalent biochemical conjugation of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with payload drugs through small molecular linkers. They are regarded as an emerging class of drugs designed for high-specificity targeting and destruction of cancer cells, since the specificity of mAb to tumor cells allows small-molecule drugs to target tumor tissues, effectively reducing the high toxicity of traditional small-molecule drugs and improving overall treatment efficiency.   ADC manufacturing consists of multiple steps that can be divided in…

Gut microbes are considered "virtual organs" that influence host health and are involved in disease research. The human gut microbiota has a large gene pool, encoding approximately 100-150 times more genes than the human genome, and contains a rich resource of enzymes with the ability to metabolize drugs. The diversity of gut bacteria also affects the mental health of the host. Microbiomes from depressed patients were transplanted into rats, which developed similar mental health problems.
Gut microbes are considered "virtual organs" that influence host health and are involved in disease research. The human gut microbiota has a large gene pool, encoding approximately 100-150 times more genes than the human genome, and contains a rich resource of enzymes with the ability to metabolize drugs.…

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a kind of DNA polymorphisms caused by single-nucleotide variants in both coding and non-coding regions, which are the most common and smallest variants. There are more than 3 million SNPs in the human genome with an average of 1 in 500-1000 base pairs. SNP microarrays are capable of detecting a large number of subtle DNA alterations and/or abnormal alterations related to chromosome copy number (aneuploidy) or chromosome structural rearrangements. In human species, SNP microarrays can simultaneously analyze all 23 chromosome pairs and can also be used to identify mutations in individual genes. In addition, SNPs can be used for genotyping, i.e., determining the proportion of each allelic variant combination at each nucleotide position.
Single-nucleot…

The development of DNA sequencing technology has made it possible for human beings to explore the mysteries of themselves and other beings, while the advent of the genomics era has put higher demands on sequencing technologies. Scientific research has now entered the era of high throughput, moving from single, localized genes or fragments to the study of the entire genome, covering basic science, disease diagnosis and treatment, agriculture and the environment.
The development of DNA sequencing technology has made it possible for human beings to explore the mysteries of themselves and other beings, while the advent of the genomics era has put higher demands on sequencing technologies. Scientific research has now entered the era of high throughput, moving from single, localized genes or frag…

The epigenome is composed of chemical markers and proteins that can attach to DNA and direct the function of gene regulatory elements, controlling the production of proteins in specific cells, among other roles. Common epigenomic modifications include methylation of the nucleotide cytosine and histones or acetylation and phosphorylation of histones. All of these modifications do not change the genome sequence, but they do change the way the cell uses the same set of genetic codes, thus altering phenotypes and metabolic activities. The epigenome is also inheritable.
The epigenome is composed of chemical markers and proteins that can attach to DNA and direct the function of gene regulatory elements, controlling the production of proteins in specific cells, among other roles. Common epigenomic…

Automation Testing Training helps demonstrate how helpful automation testing is to developers. Firstly, it doesn’t need any type of human intervention.
Advantages of Automation Testing tools learnt in Automation Testing Training Automation Testing Training helps demonstrate how helpful automation testing is to developers. Firstly, it doesn’t need any type of human intervention. Secondly, there is no restriction on how many times on the number of automation test. Thirdly, it minimizes the cost of testing. Finally, Automation testing can be run at any time of the day. Therefore, Automation Testing training helps students discover different tools. Challenges outlined during Automation Testing Training. There are different challenges that are outlined during the duration of Automation Testing…

At Amplexor BE THE EXPERT 2022, Remco Munnik of Iperion - a Deloitte business, took the example of product labeling to highlight the overlap between documents and data, and how internationally-agreed standards can contribute to a more streamlined approach to (and beyond) regulatory information management – from early development through to pharmacovigilance.
Although the value of developing more data-driven processes is now widely recognized, many life sciences organizations today still routinely create critical documents and product labeling from scratch. This involves capturing and applying the same information repeatedly, yet often in different formats and using inconsistent terminology. At Amplexor BE THE EXPERT 2022, Remco Munnik of Iperion - a Deloitte business, took the example of pr…

“I like the excitement of not knowing what’s going to happen and I think I thrive on it.” For the first interview in our Human Strategy Series,  the team recently spoke with Dr Jackie Ameri, CEO of Pancryos, who benefited from our Leadership Assessment service as part of the partnership between Coulter Partners and the BioInnovation Institute (BII). Jackie discusses her early career, her decision to join the BII and highlights the benefits of being part of the BII Creation House Program.
“I like the excitement of not knowing what’s going to happen and I think I thrive on it.” For the first interview in its Human Strategy Series,  the Coulter Partners team recently spoke with Dr Jackie Ameri, CEO of Pancryos, who benefited from our Leadership Assessment service as part of the partner…

Already experts in the area of ophthalmology, Santen decided to harness the potential of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) to address unmet needs and change the lives of patients living with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs).
Solving the leading cause of inherited blindness Already experts in the area of ophthalmology, Santen decided to harness the potential of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) to address unmet needs and change the lives of patients living with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs). The recently established Santen Cell & Gene is a global business unit that is dedicated to changing patient lives through transformative solutions. Founded in Japan over a century ago, Santen has been contributing to people’s eye health for the past 130 years and has expanded to cover over 60 count…

The degradation pathway of the drug is closely related to the molecular structure of the drug. The ester group or amide bond in the molecular structure may be hydrolyzed under acid-base catalysis conditions.
Benefits of forced degradation test The degradation pathway of the drug is closely related to the molecular structure of the drug. The ester group or amide bond in the molecular structure may be hydrolyzed under acid-base catalysis conditions. Provide support for drug safety. When toxicologically relevant impurities are not readily available, toxicological evaluation of samples degraded to a certain extent can provide a supportive basis for drug safety and impurity limit determination. It is helpful for metabolite research. Some degradation products are also metabolites, and the m…

Mitochondria are important organelles of eukaryotic cells and play a key role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, biosynthesis and cell death (including apoptosis and programmed cell necrosis). In addition, mitochondria are involved in important physiological processes such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, and regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. Since mitochondria play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis, their abnormal function is associated with many human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, heart disease and diabetes.
Mitochondria are important organelles of eukaryotic cells and play a key role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, biosynthesis and cell death (including apoptosis and programmed…

Luminex xMAP technology uses polystyrene microspheres of 5.6 microns in diameter dyed with different ratios of two red-sorting fluorescent dyes to obtain up to 100 fluorescent coded microspheres. Antibody molecules or gene probes for different test items are covalently cross-linked to specific coded microspheres, each of which corresponds to a specific test item.
Principle of Luminex Multiplex Assay Luminex xMAP technology uses polystyrene microspheres of 5.6 microns in diameter dyed with different ratios of two red-sorting fluorescent dyes to obtain up to 100 fluorescent coded microspheres. Antibody molecules or gene probes for different test items are covalently cross-linked to specific coded microspheres, each of which corresponds to a specific test item. The fluorescent coding microsphe…