Biotech - Articles

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, and phosphorylation occurs in about 1/3 of all proteins in eukaryotic cells. Catalyzed by protein kinases, phosphate groups are transferred from the donor molecule to the side chains of amino acids containing hydroxyl groups of the protein. Protein phosphorylation is reversible, and protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation regulate almost all processes of life activity.
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, and phosphorylation occurs in about 1/3 of all proteins in eukaryotic cells. Catalyzed by protein kinases, phosphate groups are transferred from the donor molecule to the side chains of amino acids containing hydroxyl groups…

Cytokines are classified according to their different roles in the inflammatory response: pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Cytokines are classified according to their different roles in the inflammatory response: pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.   Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1 (IL-1) IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that activates a variety of immune and inflammatory cells and is secreted mainly by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial cells. IL-1 consists of two genetically encoded peptide molecules, IL-1α and IL-1β, both with a molecular mass of about 17 ku, the former being secreted, while the latter is mostly cell bound.   IL-1β stimulates the production of other CK and inflammatory transmitters th…

Exosomes, a tiny membrane vesicle with a lipid bilayer structure, are secreted by most cells and are approximately 40-200 nm in diameter. exosomes are found in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine and breast milk. exosomes of different tissue origins differ in content composition and function, and this difference is dynamically regulated by the extracellular matrix and microenvironment. Exosomes secreted by host cells or tumor cells are involved in tumorigenesis, growth, invasion and metastasis. The analysis and detection of exosomes can assist in early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognostic analysis of the disease.
What are exosomes? Exosomes, a tiny membrane vesicle with a lipid bilayer structure, are secreted by most cells and are approximately 40-200 nm in diameter. exosom…

The analysis of proteins and peptides and their post-translational modifications is particularly important for the study of diseases where multiple genes are known to be involved, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
Post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that translate mRNA into polypeptide chains and then undergo PTM to form the mature protein product. After the protein is compounded, 20 different amino acids participate in protein PTM, such as protein phosphorylation, protein acetylation, as well as protein methylation, which play a significant role in almost all biological processes. Therefore, the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptid…

A growing body of evidence now suggests that human microbial dysbiosis has a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Unlikely earlier studies relying on culturing bacteria from the tissue of cancer, high-throughput sequencing methods have enabled genotyping the microbial ecosystem within a cancer tissue from hundreds to thousands of patients in parallel, providing a better overview of the landscape of cancer diseases associated with human microbiome.
  The Microbiome Sequencing in Cancer Research A growing body of evidence now suggests that human microbial dysbiosis has a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Unlikely earlier studies relying on culturing bacteria from the tissue of cancer, high-throughput sequencing methods have enabled genotyping the microbi…

Biomarkers are defined as measurable biological characteristics that associate with normal or pathological conditions. They possess clinical relevance, including diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. RNA, not only an essential part of central dogma, is certainly a relatively untapped resource for biomarker discovery of various diseases.
Biomarkers are defined as measurable biological characteristics that associate with normal or pathological conditions. They possess clinical relevance, including diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. RNA, not only an essential part of central dogma, is certainly a relatively untapped resource for biomarker discovery of various diseases.   Cumulating data show that RNA molecules, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA…

Enzyme engineering is a technology in which enzymes or microbial cells, animal and plant cells, organelles, etc. are placed in a certain biological reaction device, and the corresponding raw materials are converted into useful substances by using the biocatalytic function of enzymes and engineering methods.
Enzyme engineering is a technology in which enzymes or microbial cells, animal and plant cells, organelles, etc. are placed in a certain biological reaction device, and the corresponding raw materials are converted into useful substances by using the biocatalytic function of enzymes and engineering methods. It includes the preparation of enzyme preparations, the immobilization of enzymes, the modification and transformation of enzymes, and the content of enzyme reactors. The application…

How Cambridge biologics company SolasCure is developing an accessible method for cleaning chronic wounds, inspired by a solution from nature.
Maggot therapy, the unpleasant practice of introducing living fly larvae into wounds to remove dead and dying tissue, is astonishingly effective. Its popularity can be traced back to ancient cultures around the world[1]. For millennia people had observed that maggots were able to effectively clean wounds, but only in the 20th century was it possible to attempt to use them in a more systematic and deliberate way, as a "treatment". Due to their widely accepted efficacy, today maggots can be found in controlled clinical settings to clean chronic wounds, secreting digestive enzymes of which some specifically break down the fibrin networks found in necrot…

The Biotechnology industry is currently thriving, with the global Biotechnology market value predicted to reach $727.1 billion by 2025. In the US alone, there are more than 800,000 people employed in the Biotech industry, with the employment rate expected to grow by 5% between 2019 and 2029. In this article, we summarise 10 career paths within Biotechnology, with an outline of each role’s key responsibilities.
The Biotechnology industry is currently thriving, with the global Biotechnology market value predicted to reach $727.1 billion by 2025. In the US alone, there are more than 800,000 people employed in the Biotech industry, with the employment rate expected to grow by 5% between 2019 and 2029. New roles within the industry are continuously being created across the globe, particularly in…

In microbial ecology, metagenomic techniques are now widely utilized to research microbial communities in greater depth, including many strains that cannot be produced in the lab. Microbial bioinformatics may now be used to mine large metagenomic datasets for broad patterns that govern microbial communities. Typical metagenomic and bioinformatic investigations, on the other hand, do not fully characterize the ecology and evolution of microorganisms in their habitats. The majority of analyses still rely on basic sequence similarity searches against reference databases.
Introduction to Bioinformatics for Microbial Metagenomics In microbial ecology, metagenomic techniques are now widely utilized to research microbial communities in greater depth, including many strains that cannot be produced…

It is of great significance to study the stability of pharmaceutical preparations to ensure product quality, safety, and effectiveness.
The basic requirements of pharmaceutical preparations are safety, efficacy, and stability. Drug stability means that a drug product should maintain the same properties and characteristics as it was at the time of production and within the specified time frame. The stability of pharmaceutical preparations directly affects the effectiveness and safety of drugs. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the stability of pharmaceutical preparations to ensure product quality, safety, and effectiveness. Research Scope on Drug Stability Analysis Chemical stability refers to changes in drug content (or potency) due to chemical reactions such as hydrolysis and…

Pharmaceutical consulting is a broad field of professionals primarily providing support to pharma and biotech organizations who are developing and commercializing drugs. This specialty area provides opportunities to experienced individuals with specialized skills across a variety of disciplines including strategy and commercialization, product development and business development.
What is pharmaceutical consulting? Pharmaceutical consulting is a broad field primarily providing support to pharma and biotech organizations who are developing and commercializing drugs. This specialty arena provides opportunities to experienced individuals with specialized skills across a variety of disciplines including strategy and commercialization, product development and business development. This article l…

Enzyme engineering is an enzyme technology. With the rapid development of enzymology research, especially the promotion of enzyme application, the basic principle of enzymology is combined with chemical engineering, thus forming enzyme engineering. Enzyme engineering is a technology for the mass production and application of enzyme preparations. Starting from the purpose of application, it combines the theory of enzymology with chemical engineering to study enzymes, and uses the catalytic properties of enzymes in a certain reaction device to convert raw materials into products. As far as the development of enzyme engineering itself is concerned, it includes the following main aspects.
Enzyme engineering is an enzyme technology. With the rapid development of enzymology research, especially t…

Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of mammalian small intestinal mucosal microvilli, and many beneficial intestinal bacteria have the ability to produce lactase. Lactase deficiency is present in most of the world's population, affecting nearly 2/3 of the world's population.
Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of mammalian small intestinal mucosal microvilli, and many beneficial intestinal bacteria have the ability to produce lactase. Lactase deficiency is present in most of the world's population, affecting nearly 2/3 of the world's population.   Polylactose is composed of glucose and galactose, these two monosaccharides are easily absorbed by the intestinal lumen and are an important source of human tissue structure and energy. The precondition for lacto…

Excipients are designed to interact with and enhance the properties of APIs. Excipients have various functions.
Pharmaceutical excipients are substances formulated together with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of the drug, and excipients account for most of the drug composition. Excipients are designed to interact with and enhance the properties of APIs. Excipients have various functions. In addition to acting as carriers, and improving stability, pharmaceutical excipients are also conducive in terms of solubilization, sustained release, and controlled release. Overall, they are important components that may affect the quality, safety and effectiveness of drugs. Excipients can be classified by source, function, route of administration, and the like. By Source They can be divided in…

Cellulase (β-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase) is a general term for a group of enzymes that degrade cellulose to produce glucose. Cellulase is a kind of complex enzyme, including C1 enzyme, CX enzyme and glucosidase and other components. Among them, C1 enzyme and CX enzyme can decompose cellulose into cellobiose, and glucosidase can decompose cellobiose into glucose, thereby providing nutrients for the growth and development of microorganisms.
Cellulase (β-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase) is a general term for a group of enzymes that degrade cellulose to produce glucose. Cellulase is a kind of complex enzyme, including C1 enzyme, CX enzyme and glucosidase and other components. Among them, C1 enzyme and CX enzyme can decompose cellulose into cellobiose, and glucosidase can decompose cellobiose i…

How does life appear on earth? This has always been an unsolved mystery. According to the Physicists Organization Network, Canadian researchers published a report in the latest issue of Science that an RNA polymerase played an important role in the birth of life on earth. The new research provides new insights into the mystery of the origin of life on earth, and also helps scientists estimate the possibility of life being born on other planets.
How does life appear on earth? This has always been an unsolved mystery. According to the Physicists Organization Network, Canadian researchers published a report in the latest issue of Science that an RNA polymerase played an important role in the birth of life on earth. The new research provides new insights into the mystery of the origin of life o…

Chymotrypsin is a typical serine protease. As an endopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein peptide bonds, its realization form is mainly for the cleavage of the peptide bond formed by the carboxyl end of the aromatic amino acid-tryptophan, phenylalanine or tyrosine. Chymotrypsin is a typical serine protease and is currently one of the digestive enzymes of most vertebral animals.
Chymotrypsin is a typical serine protease. As an endopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein peptide bonds, its realization form is mainly for the cleavage of the peptide bond formed by the carboxyl end of the aromatic amino acid-tryptophan, phenylalanine or tyrosine. Chymotrypsin is a typical serine protease and is currently one of the digestive enzymes of most vertebral animals.   Simi…

Choosing a clinical metadata repository (MDR) software can be a tough task as the capabilities and features of your chosen MDR could make or break your clinical trials. This article explores the features that a clinical MDR software should have.
It’s tough trying to choose and implement new software and systems. And clinical metadata repositories (MDRs) are no exception. But, they’re a must these days. Everything’s moving towards efficiencies and automation. You don’t want to get left behind. So what should you expect as a given when it comes to a clinical metadata repository? Well if the clinical metadata repository you’re looking at doesn’t meet these basic specifications, find another one that does! Or you could be wasting your time – and potentially a lot of money too. Here’s…

Microbial limit test is performed to determine whether drug products comply with an established specification for microbial quality.
Microbial limit test is performed to determine whether drug products comply with an established specification for microbial quality. USP <61> and USP <62> for objectionable organisms are usually the guidelines for testing as specified by FDA requirements. In most cases, the microbial limit test covers the following three test items: Total Aerobic Microbial Count In this step, the total number of aerobic organisms is determined, which is an important indicator to measure the hygienic quality of medicines. Total Combined Yeasts and Mold Count In this step, the number of contaminated viable bacteria (yeasts and mold) in the unit mass, volume…